topicVitamin K2 Bone Density Systematic Review
claimCurrently, large-scale direct comparative statistics are still insufficient, but existing evidence supports that Asian dietary patterns are more beneficial to skeletal health.
evidence level3
citationZhang Tianzhu (2026)
sourceThe Gut-Bone Axis and Skeletal Health: Regulatory Mechanisms and Therapeutic Applications of Plant-Derived Bioactive Compounds
topicVitamin K2 Bone Density Systematic Review
claimDespite substantial progress, the field still faces several bottlenecks, including unclear strain-specific and compound-specific mechanisms, insufficient large-scale clinical evidence, low bioavailability of phytochemicals, and lack of standardized intervention regimens.
evidence level3
citationZhang Tianzhu (2026)
sourceThe Gut-Bone Axis and Skeletal Health: Regulatory Mechanisms and Therapeutic Applications of Plant-Derived Bioactive Compounds
topicVitamin K2 Bone Density Systematic Review
claimBy integrating mechanistic insights, preclinical evidence, clinical advances, and translational prospects, this review aims to enrich the current understanding of the gut–bone axis and provide a theoretical foundation and practical guidance for subsequent research and clinical development of plant-based therapies against osteoporosis and other metabolic bone diseases.
evidence level3
citationZhang Tianzhu (2026)
sourceThe Gut-Bone Axis and Skeletal Health: Regulatory Mechanisms and Therapeutic Applications of Plant-Derived Bioactive Compounds
topicVitamin K2 Bone Density Systematic Review
claim1 2 The gut–bone axis refers to the functional connection between the gut and the skeletal system, established through a complex bidirectional communication network.
evidence level3
citationZhang Tianzhu (2026)
sourceThe Gut-Bone Axis and Skeletal Health: Regulatory Mechanisms and Therapeutic Applications of Plant-Derived Bioactive Compounds
topicVitamin K2 Bone Density Systematic Review
claimIn OVX mice, MK-4 treatment significantly increased alkaline phosphatase activity and bone volume, improved bone mineral density (BMD), and reduced undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) [].
evidence level4
citationJecan Alexandru (2026)
sourceDiscrepancy Between Biological Activity and Functional Fracture Healing Following Vitamin K2 Supplementation in an Ovariectomized Rat Model of Osteoporosis
topicVitamin K2 Bone Density Systematic Review
claimLong-term MK-7 supplementation in OVX rats prevented trabecular bone loss and significantly improved bone strength [,].
evidence level4
citationJecan Alexandru (2026)
sourceDiscrepancy Between Biological Activity and Functional Fracture Healing Following Vitamin K2 Supplementation in an Ovariectomized Rat Model of Osteoporosis
topicVitamin K2 Bone Density Systematic Review
claim7 8 Despite this evidence supporting improved bone status, the effects of MK-4 and MK-7 on osteoporotic fracture healing remain less well documented.
evidence level4
citationJecan Alexandru (2026)
sourceDiscrepancy Between Biological Activity and Functional Fracture Healing Following Vitamin K2 Supplementation in an Ovariectomized Rat Model of Osteoporosis
topicVitamin K2 Bone Density Systematic Review
claim1 2 3 2 4 5 6 Osteoporosis and postmenopausal estrogen deficiency are well known to impair bone strength and fracture repair.
evidence level4
citationJecan Alexandru (2026)
sourceDiscrepancy Between Biological Activity and Functional Fracture Healing Following Vitamin K2 Supplementation in an Ovariectomized Rat Model of Osteoporosis