Structured evidence table for Vitamin K2 Vascular Stiffness Randomized Trial, generated from 2 reusable source documents in the Migaku knowledge base.
| topic | claim | evidence level | citation | source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vitamin K2 Vascular Stiffness Randomized Trial | Vitamin D deficiency has been consistently associated with adverse outcomes, including increased susceptibility to cancers, diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease [,]. | 3 | D’Elia Saverio (2025) | Modulation of Cardiometabolic Risk by Vitamin D and K2: Simple Supplementation or Real Drug? Uncovering the Pharmacological Properties |
| Vitamin K2 Vascular Stiffness Randomized Trial | Epidemiological studies further indicate that populations in regions with higher sun exposure exhibit lower prevalence of deficiency and reduced mortality from chronic disease [,]. | 3 | D’Elia Saverio (2025) | Modulation of Cardiometabolic Risk by Vitamin D and K2: Simple Supplementation or Real Drug? Uncovering the Pharmacological Properties |
| Vitamin K2 Vascular Stiffness Randomized Trial | These findings are reinforced by recent large-scale analyses: for example, a 2023 study in Clinical Nutrition involving nearly 410,000 UK Biobank participants reported that individuals with severe deficiency (<30 nmol/L) had a 10% increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and up to 35% higher risk of cardiovascular mortality []. | 3 | D’Elia Saverio (2025) | Modulation of Cardiometabolic Risk by Vitamin D and K2: Simple Supplementation or Real Drug? Uncovering the Pharmacological Properties |
| Vitamin K2 Vascular Stiffness Randomized Trial | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 Vitamin D, a pleiotropic secosteroid, exerts physiological effects far beyond its classical roles in calcium homeostasis and skeletal health []. | 3 | D’Elia Saverio (2025) | Modulation of Cardiometabolic Risk by Vitamin D and K2: Simple Supplementation or Real Drug? Uncovering the Pharmacological Properties |
| Vitamin K2 Vascular Stiffness Randomized Trial | Experimental and clinical evidence now suggests that vitamin K influences skeletal muscle through both γ-carboxylation-dependent pathways-mediated by osteocalcin, matrix Gla protein (MGP), and growth arrest-specific 6 (Gas6)-and through non-carboxylation mechanisms, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, mitochondrial-regulatory, and ferroptosis-suppressing effects. | 4 | Ran X (2026) | Vitamin K and muscle health: mechanisms and clinical perspectives in sarcopenia and beyond: narrative review. |
| Vitamin K2 Vascular Stiffness Randomized Trial | Beyond age-related sarcopenia, vitamin K may also play a potentially protective role in muscle dysfunction associated with chronic diseases, including dialysis-related cramps and metabolic disorders. | 4 | Ran X (2026) | Vitamin K and muscle health: mechanisms and clinical perspectives in sarcopenia and beyond: narrative review. |
| Vitamin K2 Vascular Stiffness Randomized Trial | This review synthesizes recent mechanistic insights and clinical evidence, highlighting vitamin K as a biologically plausible contributor that is supported primarily by observational and mechanistic evidence for the prevention and management of sarcopenia and other muscle-related disorders, though its role remains incompletely validated. | 4 | Ran X (2026) | Vitamin K and muscle health: mechanisms and clinical perspectives in sarcopenia and beyond: narrative review. |
| Vitamin K2 Vascular Stiffness Randomized Trial | Vitamin K, a fat-soluble micronutrient traditionally recognized for its role in blood coagulation, has increasingly been implicated as a micronutrient with emerging roles in skeletal muscle health. | 4 | Ran X (2026) | Vitamin K and muscle health: mechanisms and clinical perspectives in sarcopenia and beyond: narrative review. |
Source documents