topicVitamin K2 Vascular Calcification Randomized Trial
claimOnce dismissed as a result of passive leaflet degeneration, the pathophysiology of AS is now considered an intricate process orchestrated by immune activation, oxidative injury, lipid infiltration, and metabolic dysregulation [,,].
evidence level3
citationMoroz Simina Mariana (2026)
sourceMetabolic Drivers of Valve Calcification and Atrial Remodeling in Calcific Aortic Stenosis
topicVitamin K2 Vascular Calcification Randomized Trial
claimClinically, AS is associated not only with valvular obstruction but also with profound structural and electrical remodeling of the left ventricle and atria—manifesting as hypertrophy, fibrosis, diastolic dysfunction, and atrial fibrillation (AF) [,,,].
evidence level3
citationMoroz Simina Mariana (2026)
sourceMetabolic Drivers of Valve Calcification and Atrial Remodeling in Calcific Aortic Stenosis
topicVitamin K2 Vascular Calcification Randomized Trial
claimWith increasing life expectancy and improved management of coronary artery disease, the burden of AS is rising globally [,,].
evidence level3
citationMoroz Simina Mariana (2026)
sourceMetabolic Drivers of Valve Calcification and Atrial Remodeling in Calcific Aortic Stenosis
topicVitamin K2 Vascular Calcification Randomized Trial
claim1 2 3 1 4 5 2 3 6 7 6 7 8 1 2 4 1 2 4 1 4 9 10 11 12 13 14 6 7 15 16 6 7 15 16 17 Aortic stenosis (AS) affects a significant proportion of the elderly population, particularly individuals over 75 years [,,].
evidence level3
citationMoroz Simina Mariana (2026)
sourceMetabolic Drivers of Valve Calcification and Atrial Remodeling in Calcific Aortic Stenosis