evidence table
Vitamin K2 Bone Randomized Trial Evidence Table
Structured evidence table for Vitamin K2 Bone Randomized Trial, generated from 2 reusable source documents in the Migaku knowledge base.
| topic | claim | evidence level | citation | source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vitamin K2 Bone Randomized Trial | Experimental and clinical evidence now suggests that vitamin K influences skeletal muscle through both γ-carboxylation-dependent pathways-mediated by osteocalcin, matrix Gla protein (MGP), and growth arrest-specific 6 (Gas6)-and through non-carboxylation mechanisms, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, mitochondrial-regulatory, and ferroptosis-suppressing effects. | 4 | Ran X (2026) | Vitamin K and muscle health: mechanisms and clinical perspectives in sarcopenia and beyond: narrative review. |
| Vitamin K2 Bone Randomized Trial | Beyond age-related sarcopenia, vitamin K may also play a potentially protective role in muscle dysfunction associated with chronic diseases, including dialysis-related cramps and metabolic disorders. | 4 | Ran X (2026) | Vitamin K and muscle health: mechanisms and clinical perspectives in sarcopenia and beyond: narrative review. |
| Vitamin K2 Bone Randomized Trial | This review synthesizes recent mechanistic insights and clinical evidence, highlighting vitamin K as a biologically plausible contributor that is supported primarily by observational and mechanistic evidence for the prevention and management of sarcopenia and other muscle-related disorders, though its role remains incompletely validated. | 4 | Ran X (2026) | Vitamin K and muscle health: mechanisms and clinical perspectives in sarcopenia and beyond: narrative review. |
| Vitamin K2 Bone Randomized Trial | Vitamin K, a fat-soluble micronutrient traditionally recognized for its role in blood coagulation, has increasingly been implicated as a micronutrient with emerging roles in skeletal muscle health. | 4 | Ran X (2026) | Vitamin K and muscle health: mechanisms and clinical perspectives in sarcopenia and beyond: narrative review. |
| Vitamin K2 Bone Randomized Trial | Together with vitamin K2, it participates in the fine-tuning of mineral metabolism and vascular health, potentially modulating cardiometabolic risk through intertwined endocrine and paracrine pathways. | 4 | D'Elia S (2025) | Modulation of Cardiometabolic Risk by Vitamin D and K2: Simple Supplementation or Real Drug? Uncovering the Pharmacological Properties. |
| Vitamin K2 Bone Randomized Trial | Observational and mechanistic studies consistently link low serum 25(OH)D concentrations with hypertension, insulin resistance, heart failure, and increased cardiovascular mortality. | 4 | D'Elia S (2025) | Modulation of Cardiometabolic Risk by Vitamin D and K2: Simple Supplementation or Real Drug? Uncovering the Pharmacological Properties. |
| Vitamin K2 Bone Randomized Trial | While experimental and epidemiological evidence suggests potential cardiovascular benefits, large randomized controlled trials (RCTs) provide conflicting results, particularly regarding hypertension and heart failure. | 4 | D'Elia S (2025) | Modulation of Cardiometabolic Risk by Vitamin D and K2: Simple Supplementation or Real Drug? Uncovering the Pharmacological Properties. |
| Vitamin K2 Bone Randomized Trial | Vitamin D, traditionally regarded as a nutrient, is increasingly recognized as a pharmacologically active secosteroid with pleiotropic effects extending beyond calcium homeostasis and bone integrity. | 4 | D'Elia S (2025) | Modulation of Cardiometabolic Risk by Vitamin D and K2: Simple Supplementation or Real Drug? Uncovering the Pharmacological Properties. |
Source documents