evidence table
Vitamin K2 Bone Mineral Density Randomized Trial Evidence Table
Structured evidence table for Vitamin K2 Bone Mineral Density Randomized Trial, generated from 2 reusable source documents in the Migaku knowledge base.
| topic | claim | evidence level | citation | source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vitamin K2 Bone Mineral Density Randomized Trial | Evidence arises simultaneously from metabolic research, neuroendocrinology, hepatology, reproductive biology, and matrix biochemistry, yet these fields differ substantially in experimental models, assay methodologies, isoform definitions, and clinical endpoints. | 3 | Derwich Wiktor (2026) | Osteocalcin Beyond Bone: Molecular Mechanisms, Endocrine Networks, and Translational Perspectives Across Metabolism, Neurobiology, and Chronic Disease |
| Vitamin K2 Bone Mineral Density Randomized Trial | This narrative review aims to unify these perspectives by: (a) summarizing structural determinants and carboxylation-dependent isoform biology; (b) outlining receptor-level mechanisms across target organs; (c) consolidating human evidence, including clamp-validated metabolic data; and (d) clarifying methodological and analytical limitations that critically shape the interpretation of OCN physiology. | 3 | Derwich Wiktor (2026) | Osteocalcin Beyond Bone: Molecular Mechanisms, Endocrine Networks, and Translational Perspectives Across Metabolism, Neurobiology, and Chronic Disease |
| Vitamin K2 Bone Mineral Density Randomized Trial | As this is a narrative review, no formal eligibility criteria, protocol registration, or risk-of-bias tools were applied; studies were selected based on relevance, biological coherence, and their conceptual contribution to OCN physiology. | 3 | Derwich Wiktor (2026) | Osteocalcin Beyond Bone: Molecular Mechanisms, Endocrine Networks, and Translational Perspectives Across Metabolism, Neurobiology, and Chronic Disease |
| Vitamin K2 Bone Mineral Density Randomized Trial | Bone is increasingly recognized as an endocrine organ, and osteocalcin (OCN) exemplifies this paradigm shift. | 3 | Derwich Wiktor (2026) | Osteocalcin Beyond Bone: Molecular Mechanisms, Endocrine Networks, and Translational Perspectives Across Metabolism, Neurobiology, and Chronic Disease |
| Vitamin K2 Bone Mineral Density Randomized Trial | Vitamin D deficiency has been consistently associated with adverse outcomes, including increased susceptibility to cancers, diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease [,]. | 3 | D’Elia Saverio (2025) | Modulation of Cardiometabolic Risk by Vitamin D and K2: Simple Supplementation or Real Drug? Uncovering the Pharmacological Properties |
| Vitamin K2 Bone Mineral Density Randomized Trial | Epidemiological studies further indicate that populations in regions with higher sun exposure exhibit lower prevalence of deficiency and reduced mortality from chronic disease [,]. | 3 | D’Elia Saverio (2025) | Modulation of Cardiometabolic Risk by Vitamin D and K2: Simple Supplementation or Real Drug? Uncovering the Pharmacological Properties |
| Vitamin K2 Bone Mineral Density Randomized Trial | These findings are reinforced by recent large-scale analyses: for example, a 2023 study in Clinical Nutrition involving nearly 410,000 UK Biobank participants reported that individuals with severe deficiency (<30 nmol/L) had a 10% increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and up to 35% higher risk of cardiovascular mortality []. | 3 | D’Elia Saverio (2025) | Modulation of Cardiometabolic Risk by Vitamin D and K2: Simple Supplementation or Real Drug? Uncovering the Pharmacological Properties |
| Vitamin K2 Bone Mineral Density Randomized Trial | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 Vitamin D, a pleiotropic secosteroid, exerts physiological effects far beyond its classical roles in calcium homeostasis and skeletal health []. | 3 | D’Elia Saverio (2025) | Modulation of Cardiometabolic Risk by Vitamin D and K2: Simple Supplementation or Real Drug? Uncovering the Pharmacological Properties |
Source documents