evidence table
Vitamin K Bone Density Randomized Trial Evidence Table
Structured evidence table for Vitamin K Bone Density Randomized Trial, generated from 2 reusable source documents in the Migaku knowledge base.
| topic | claim | evidence level | citation | source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vitamin K Bone Density Randomized Trial | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Bone health is a major concern for postmenopausal women, as estrogen deficiency after menopause accelerates bone resorption and suppresses bone formation, leading to reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and an increased risk of fractures []. | 2 | Jung Susie (2026) | Effects of Eggshell Calcium- and Vitamin D-Fortified HMR Combined with Aerobic Exercise on Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial |
| Vitamin K Bone Density Randomized Trial | Among the various risk factors for osteoporosis, modifiable lifestyle factors—particularly insufficient calcium and vitamin D intake, as well as inadequate physical activity—are of special importance, alongside other established factors such as advanced age and low body mass index (BMI) []. | 2 | Jung Susie (2026) | Effects of Eggshell Calcium- and Vitamin D-Fortified HMR Combined with Aerobic Exercise on Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial |
| Vitamin K Bone Density Randomized Trial | In Korea, calcium and vitamin D intakes remain persistently inadequate, largely due to low dairy consumption associated with traditional dietary patterns and widespread lactose intolerance, and this insufficiency becomes increasingly pronounced with advancing age [,]. | 2 | Jung Susie (2026) | Effects of Eggshell Calcium- and Vitamin D-Fortified HMR Combined with Aerobic Exercise on Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial |
| Vitamin K Bone Density Randomized Trial | Given these physiological vulnerabilities, osteoporosis has emerged as a significant global public health issue, particularly among postmenopausal women, due to its strong association with fractures, morbidity, mortality, and substantial socioeconomic burden [,]. | 2 | Jung Susie (2026) | Effects of Eggshell Calcium- and Vitamin D-Fortified HMR Combined with Aerobic Exercise on Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial |
| Vitamin K Bone Density Randomized Trial | Accordingly, contemporary guidelines no longer recommend IN-CAL as first-line treatment for chronic osteoporosis, and concerns regarding a potential malignancy signal further limited long-term use. | 3 | Ahmad Areeb (2026) | Revisiting Intranasal Salmon Calcitonin: Historical Osteoporosis Evidence and a Potential Role in Acute Orthopaedic Pain Management |
| Vitamin K Bone Density Randomized Trial | 18 A landmark review by Plosker and McTavish summarized the pharmacologic and clinical evidence for IN-CAL through the mid-1990s. | 3 | Ahmad Areeb (2026) | Revisiting Intranasal Salmon Calcitonin: Historical Osteoporosis Evidence and a Potential Role in Acute Orthopaedic Pain Management |
| Vitamin K Bone Density Randomized Trial | The present review builds upon this foundation by contextualizing historical data and synthesizing subsequent evidence across 3 domains: (1) pharmacology and mechanisms; (2) established and preventive osteoporosis; and (3) acute orthopaedic applications, with particular emphasis on analgesia and time-dependent therapeutic effects. | 3 | Ahmad Areeb (2026) | Revisiting Intranasal Salmon Calcitonin: Historical Osteoporosis Evidence and a Potential Role in Acute Orthopaedic Pain Management |
| Vitamin K Bone Density Randomized Trial | 1 3 - 4 5 , Intranasal salmon calcitonin (IN-CAL) is a peptide antiresorptive agent historically used in the management of postmenopausal osteoporosis, where early randomized trials demonstrated lumbar spine-specific increases in bone mineral density (BMD) with minimal peripheral effects. | 3 | Ahmad Areeb (2026) | Revisiting Intranasal Salmon Calcitonin: Historical Osteoporosis Evidence and a Potential Role in Acute Orthopaedic Pain Management |
Source documents
- Effects of Eggshell Calcium- and Vitamin D-Fortified HMR Combined with Aerobic Exercise on Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
- Revisiting Intranasal Salmon Calcitonin: Historical Osteoporosis Evidence and a Potential Role in Acute Orthopaedic Pain Management