Structured evidence table for Vitamin B12 Cognition Meta-Analysis, generated from 2 reusable source documents in the Migaku knowledge base.
| topic | claim | evidence level | citation | source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vitamin B12 Cognition Meta-Analysis | Concurrently, the number of individuals affected by dementia is anticipated to nearly triple by 2050, with associated treatment costs projected to reach US$2.8 trillion by 2030 []. | 1 | Liu Xing (2026) | Nutritional supplements and cognition in healthy aging and mild cognitive impairment patients: a systematic review and network meta-analysis |
| Vitamin B12 Cognition Meta-Analysis | In addition, omega-3 fatty acids support synaptic plasticity and exert anti-inflammatory effects; however, evidence is mixed, as randomized trials in healthy older adults show limited benefits [,], while several analyses report modest improvements in aged or MCI patients [,]. | 1 | Liu Xing (2026) | Nutritional supplements and cognition in healthy aging and mild cognitive impairment patients: a systematic review and network meta-analysis |
| Vitamin B12 Cognition Meta-Analysis | Observational studies and recent trials involving antioxidant nutrients, such as pomegranate juice and resveratrol, alongside polyphenols, suggest potential protection for specific cognitive domains (e.g., memory) and reduced dementia risk, although effects are heterogeneous and causality remains unconfirmed [,]. | 1 | Liu Xing (2026) | Nutritional supplements and cognition in healthy aging and mild cognitive impairment patients: a systematic review and network meta-analysis |
| Vitamin B12 Cognition Meta-Analysis | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 The World Health Organization (WHO) projects that by 2050, the global population aged 60 and above will reach 2.1 billion, highlighting the inevitability of global aging []. | 1 | Liu Xing (2026) | Nutritional supplements and cognition in healthy aging and mild cognitive impairment patients: a systematic review and network meta-analysis |
| Vitamin B12 Cognition Meta-Analysis | 13 14 Evidence does not support the routine use of MVM supplements for the prevention of myocardial infarction, stroke, or cardiovascular mortality in generally well-nourished adults []. | 3 | Muacevic Alexander (2026) | Multivitamins in Adult Medical Practice: Evidence, Risks, and Pragmatic Prescribing |
| Vitamin B12 Cognition Meta-Analysis | Preventive Services Task Force advises against the use of beta carotene or vitamin E for cardiovascular prevention and concludes that evidence is insufficient to recommend MVMs for primary prevention []. | 3 | Muacevic Alexander (2026) | Multivitamins in Adult Medical Practice: Evidence, Risks, and Pragmatic Prescribing |
| Vitamin B12 Cognition Meta-Analysis | 15 Regarding cancer, the Physicians’ Health Study II found that daily MVM supplementation led to a modest 8% reduction in total cancer incidence among male physicians over an 11-year follow-up, without associated mortality benefit and with diminishing effect across tumor types []. | 3 | Muacevic Alexander (2026) | Multivitamins in Adult Medical Practice: Evidence, Risks, and Pragmatic Prescribing |
| Vitamin B12 Cognition Meta-Analysis | 1 3 Across high-income countries, multivitamin-mineral (MVM) use is part of daily life for many adults. | 3 | Muacevic Alexander (2026) | Multivitamins in Adult Medical Practice: Evidence, Risks, and Pragmatic Prescribing |
Source documents