vitamins

Vitamin B12

Essential for red blood cell formation, neurological function, and DNA synthesis — vegans are at high risk of deficiency.

Dosage

Recommended

250–1000 mcg daily

Upper limit

No established upper limit

Key Benefits

  • 01Prevents megaloblastic anaemia
  • 02Supports nerve myelin sheath integrity
  • 03Improves energy metabolism
  • 04Required for DNA synthesis
  • 05Reduces homocysteine

Available Forms

MethylcobalaminAdenosylcobalaminCyanocobalaminHydroxocobalamin

Safety Notes

  • —Metformin (reduces absorption)
  • —PPIs (reduce absorption)
  • —H2 blockers

This reference is for informational purposes only. Consult a qualified healthcare provider before starting any supplement.

Learn next

More evidence on Vitamin B12

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