evidence table

Eggshell Calcium Vitamin D Bone Mineral Density Randomized Trial Evidence Table

Structured evidence table for Eggshell Calcium Vitamin D Bone Mineral Density Randomized Trial, generated from 2 reusable source documents in the Migaku knowledge base.

topicclaimevidence levelcitationsource
Eggshell Calcium Vitamin D Bone Mineral Density Randomized Trial1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Bone health is a major concern for postmenopausal women, as estrogen deficiency after menopause accelerates bone resorption and suppresses bone formation, leading to reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and an increased risk of fractures [].2Jung Susie (2026)Effects of Eggshell Calcium- and Vitamin D-Fortified HMR Combined with Aerobic Exercise on Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Eggshell Calcium Vitamin D Bone Mineral Density Randomized TrialAmong the various risk factors for osteoporosis, modifiable lifestyle factors—particularly insufficient calcium and vitamin D intake, as well as inadequate physical activity—are of special importance, alongside other established factors such as advanced age and low body mass index (BMI) [].2Jung Susie (2026)Effects of Eggshell Calcium- and Vitamin D-Fortified HMR Combined with Aerobic Exercise on Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Eggshell Calcium Vitamin D Bone Mineral Density Randomized TrialIn Korea, calcium and vitamin D intakes remain persistently inadequate, largely due to low dairy consumption associated with traditional dietary patterns and widespread lactose intolerance, and this insufficiency becomes increasingly pronounced with advancing age [,].2Jung Susie (2026)Effects of Eggshell Calcium- and Vitamin D-Fortified HMR Combined with Aerobic Exercise on Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Eggshell Calcium Vitamin D Bone Mineral Density Randomized TrialGiven these physiological vulnerabilities, osteoporosis has emerged as a significant global public health issue, particularly among postmenopausal women, due to its strong association with fractures, morbidity, mortality, and substantial socioeconomic burden [,].2Jung Susie (2026)Effects of Eggshell Calcium- and Vitamin D-Fortified HMR Combined with Aerobic Exercise on Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Eggshell Calcium Vitamin D Bone Mineral Density Randomized TrialIt was hypothesized that increasing the dietary proportion of CL would promote more stable Ca homeostasis in laying hens, thereby enhancing eggshell and bone quality, with more pronounced effects in older hens due to their reduced Ca absorptive efficiency.4Pagnussatt Heloísa (2026)Effects of fine-to-coarse limestone ratio on performance, egg quality, bone traits, and renal CYP27B1 protein abundance in peak and aged Lohmann Brown laying hens
Eggshell Calcium Vitamin D Bone Mineral Density Randomized TrialHowever, the highest proportion of CL (30:70) resulted in a reduced RTW (= 0.050) and lower tibia breaking strength (< 0.001) ().4Pagnussatt Helo&#237;sa (2026)Effects of fine-to-coarse limestone ratio on performance, egg quality, bone traits, and renal CYP27B1 protein abundance in peak and aged Lohmann Brown laying hens
Eggshell Calcium Vitamin D Bone Mineral Density Randomized Trial(2019) Although FI was not influenced during the early phase (22&#8211;41 weeks of age), a higher proportion of CL in the diet increased intake of older hens (66&#8211;81 weeks of age).4Pagnussatt Helo&#237;sa (2026)Effects of fine-to-coarse limestone ratio on performance, egg quality, bone traits, and renal CYP27B1 protein abundance in peak and aged Lohmann Brown laying hens
Eggshell Calcium Vitamin D Bone Mineral Density Randomized TrialNys et al., 2022 Nys, 2017 Nys et al., 2022 In laying hens, eggshell formation occurs daily in the uterus and represents one of the most rapid biomineralization processes known.4Pagnussatt Helo&#237;sa (2026)Effects of fine-to-coarse limestone ratio on performance, egg quality, bone traits, and renal CYP27B1 protein abundance in peak and aged Lohmann Brown laying hens
topicEggshell Calcium Vitamin D Bone Mineral Density Randomized Trial
claim1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Bone health is a major concern for postmenopausal women, as estrogen deficiency after menopause accelerates bone resorption and suppresses bone formation, leading to reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and an increased risk of fractures [].
evidence level2
citationJung Susie (2026)
sourceEffects of Eggshell Calcium- and Vitamin D-Fortified HMR Combined with Aerobic Exercise on Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
topicEggshell Calcium Vitamin D Bone Mineral Density Randomized Trial
claimAmong the various risk factors for osteoporosis, modifiable lifestyle factors&#8212;particularly insufficient calcium and vitamin D intake, as well as inadequate physical activity&#8212;are of special importance, alongside other established factors such as advanced age and low body mass index (BMI) [].
evidence level2
citationJung Susie (2026)
sourceEffects of Eggshell Calcium- and Vitamin D-Fortified HMR Combined with Aerobic Exercise on Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
topicEggshell Calcium Vitamin D Bone Mineral Density Randomized Trial
claimIn Korea, calcium and vitamin D intakes remain persistently inadequate, largely due to low dairy consumption associated with traditional dietary patterns and widespread lactose intolerance, and this insufficiency becomes increasingly pronounced with advancing age [,].
evidence level2
citationJung Susie (2026)
sourceEffects of Eggshell Calcium- and Vitamin D-Fortified HMR Combined with Aerobic Exercise on Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
topicEggshell Calcium Vitamin D Bone Mineral Density Randomized Trial
claimGiven these physiological vulnerabilities, osteoporosis has emerged as a significant global public health issue, particularly among postmenopausal women, due to its strong association with fractures, morbidity, mortality, and substantial socioeconomic burden [,].
evidence level2
citationJung Susie (2026)
sourceEffects of Eggshell Calcium- and Vitamin D-Fortified HMR Combined with Aerobic Exercise on Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
topicEggshell Calcium Vitamin D Bone Mineral Density Randomized Trial
claimIt was hypothesized that increasing the dietary proportion of CL would promote more stable Ca homeostasis in laying hens, thereby enhancing eggshell and bone quality, with more pronounced effects in older hens due to their reduced Ca absorptive efficiency.
evidence level4
citationPagnussatt Helo&#237;sa (2026)
sourceEffects of fine-to-coarse limestone ratio on performance, egg quality, bone traits, and renal CYP27B1 protein abundance in peak and aged Lohmann Brown laying hens
topicEggshell Calcium Vitamin D Bone Mineral Density Randomized Trial
claimHowever, the highest proportion of CL (30:70) resulted in a reduced RTW (= 0.050) and lower tibia breaking strength (< 0.001) ().
evidence level4
citationPagnussatt Helo&#237;sa (2026)
sourceEffects of fine-to-coarse limestone ratio on performance, egg quality, bone traits, and renal CYP27B1 protein abundance in peak and aged Lohmann Brown laying hens
topicEggshell Calcium Vitamin D Bone Mineral Density Randomized Trial
claim(2019) Although FI was not influenced during the early phase (22&#8211;41 weeks of age), a higher proportion of CL in the diet increased intake of older hens (66&#8211;81 weeks of age).
evidence level4
citationPagnussatt Helo&#237;sa (2026)
sourceEffects of fine-to-coarse limestone ratio on performance, egg quality, bone traits, and renal CYP27B1 protein abundance in peak and aged Lohmann Brown laying hens
topicEggshell Calcium Vitamin D Bone Mineral Density Randomized Trial
claimNys et al., 2022 Nys, 2017 Nys et al., 2022 In laying hens, eggshell formation occurs daily in the uterus and represents one of the most rapid biomineralization processes known.
evidence level4
citationPagnussatt Helo&#237;sa (2026)
sourceEffects of fine-to-coarse limestone ratio on performance, egg quality, bone traits, and renal CYP27B1 protein abundance in peak and aged Lohmann Brown laying hens

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Source documents

  1. Effects of Eggshell Calcium- and Vitamin D-Fortified HMR Combined with Aerobic Exercise on Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
  2. Effects of fine-to-coarse limestone ratio on performance, egg quality, bone traits, and renal CYP27B1 protein abundance in peak and aged Lohmann Brown laying hens