Structured evidence table for Vitamin-K2 Bone Health Meta-Analysis, generated from 2 reusable source documents in the Migaku knowledge base.
| topic | claim | evidence level | citation | source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vitamin-K2 Bone Health Meta-Analysis | Vitamin D deficiency has been consistently associated with adverse outcomes, including increased susceptibility to cancers, diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease [,]. | 3 | D’Elia Saverio (2025) | Modulation of Cardiometabolic Risk by Vitamin D and K2: Simple Supplementation or Real Drug? Uncovering the Pharmacological Properties |
| Vitamin-K2 Bone Health Meta-Analysis | Epidemiological studies further indicate that populations in regions with higher sun exposure exhibit lower prevalence of deficiency and reduced mortality from chronic disease [,]. | 3 | D’Elia Saverio (2025) | Modulation of Cardiometabolic Risk by Vitamin D and K2: Simple Supplementation or Real Drug? Uncovering the Pharmacological Properties |
| Vitamin-K2 Bone Health Meta-Analysis | These findings are reinforced by recent large-scale analyses: for example, a 2023 study in Clinical Nutrition involving nearly 410,000 UK Biobank participants reported that individuals with severe deficiency (<30 nmol/L) had a 10% increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and up to 35% higher risk of cardiovascular mortality []. | 3 | D’Elia Saverio (2025) | Modulation of Cardiometabolic Risk by Vitamin D and K2: Simple Supplementation or Real Drug? Uncovering the Pharmacological Properties |
| Vitamin-K2 Bone Health Meta-Analysis | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 Vitamin D, a pleiotropic secosteroid, exerts physiological effects far beyond its classical roles in calcium homeostasis and skeletal health []. | 3 | D’Elia Saverio (2025) | Modulation of Cardiometabolic Risk by Vitamin D and K2: Simple Supplementation or Real Drug? Uncovering the Pharmacological Properties |
| Vitamin-K2 Bone Health Meta-Analysis | In OVX mice, MK-4 treatment significantly increased alkaline phosphatase activity and bone volume, improved bone mineral density (BMD), and reduced undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) []. | 4 | Jecan Alexandru (2026) | Discrepancy Between Biological Activity and Functional Fracture Healing Following Vitamin K2 Supplementation in an Ovariectomized Rat Model of Osteoporosis |
| Vitamin-K2 Bone Health Meta-Analysis | Long-term MK-7 supplementation in OVX rats prevented trabecular bone loss and significantly improved bone strength [,]. | 4 | Jecan Alexandru (2026) | Discrepancy Between Biological Activity and Functional Fracture Healing Following Vitamin K2 Supplementation in an Ovariectomized Rat Model of Osteoporosis |
| Vitamin-K2 Bone Health Meta-Analysis | 7 8 Despite this evidence supporting improved bone status, the effects of MK-4 and MK-7 on osteoporotic fracture healing remain less well documented. | 4 | Jecan Alexandru (2026) | Discrepancy Between Biological Activity and Functional Fracture Healing Following Vitamin K2 Supplementation in an Ovariectomized Rat Model of Osteoporosis |
| Vitamin-K2 Bone Health Meta-Analysis | 1 2 3 2 4 5 6 Osteoporosis and postmenopausal estrogen deficiency are well known to impair bone strength and fracture repair. | 4 | Jecan Alexandru (2026) | Discrepancy Between Biological Activity and Functional Fracture Healing Following Vitamin K2 Supplementation in an Ovariectomized Rat Model of Osteoporosis |
Source documents