topicIron Exercise Performance Meta-Analysis
claimAlgae supplementation showed a suggestive improvement in VO 2 max (SMD = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.00-1.75) and significantly improved in TTE (SMD = 1.06, 95% CI: 0.16-1.96), with smaller effects on WRmax (SMD = 0.29, 95% CI: 0.03-0.55), and no significant benefit for TT performance (SMD = -0.27, 95% CI: -0.74 to 0.21).
evidence level1
citationWei Y (2026)
sourceThe Effects of Seaweed and Microalgae Supplementation on Exercise Performance and Recovery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
topicIron Exercise Performance Meta-Analysis
claimRegarding recovery, CK concentrations were significantly reduced (SMD = -0.78, 95% CI: -1.28 to -0.28).
evidence level1
citationWei Y (2026)
sourceThe Effects of Seaweed and Microalgae Supplementation on Exercise Performance and Recovery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
topicIron Exercise Performance Meta-Analysis
claimSensitivity analyses supported the robustness of the main findings with minimal evidence of publication bias.
evidence level1
citationWei Y (2026)
sourceThe Effects of Seaweed and Microalgae Supplementation on Exercise Performance and Recovery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
topicIron Exercise Performance Meta-Analysis
claimObjective: Seaweed and microalgae provide antioxidants, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and bioactive compounds that may enhance exercise performance and accelerate recovery.
evidence level1
citationWei Y (2026)
sourceThe Effects of Seaweed and Microalgae Supplementation on Exercise Performance and Recovery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
topicIron Exercise Performance Meta-Analysis
claimHepcidin functions by blocking the only known cellular iron‐exporting channel (ferroportin) leading to reduced iron availability in circulation and reduced absorption of dietary iron (Ganz & Nemeth, ).
evidence level4
citationLucernoni Kathryn M. (2026)
sourceEffects of exercise in cool versus hot conditions on pathways of gut permeability, systemic inflammation, and iron homeostasis in female athletes
topicIron Exercise Performance Meta-Analysis
claimExercise in hot environmental conditions can result in higher IL‐6 production due to changes in relative exercise intensity (McKay et al., ) and previous work in a field‐based investigation showed a positive correlation between ambient temperature and hepcidin concentration (McKay et al., ).
evidence level4
citationLucernoni Kathryn M. (2026)
sourceEffects of exercise in cool versus hot conditions on pathways of gut permeability, systemic inflammation, and iron homeostasis in female athletes
topicIron Exercise Performance Meta-Analysis
claim1988 2015 2004 1996 2012 2016 2017 Previous studies have shown that gut permeability is increased after long exercise bouts, exercise evoking high body core temperatures, or activities involving repeated ground impact exercise (such as running) (Brock‐Utne et al., ; Gill et al., ; Lambert, ).
evidence level4
citationLucernoni Kathryn M. (2026)
sourceEffects of exercise in cool versus hot conditions on pathways of gut permeability, systemic inflammation, and iron homeostasis in female athletes
topicIron Exercise Performance Meta-Analysis
claim2008 2019 2003 2001 2002 1998 2004 2012 2022 Iron is an essential mineral, critical for many physiological processes and athletic performance.
evidence level4
citationLucernoni Kathryn M. (2026)
sourceEffects of exercise in cool versus hot conditions on pathways of gut permeability, systemic inflammation, and iron homeostasis in female athletes