topicCitrulline Muscle Pump Randomized Trial
claimThis results in an impaired ability of the myocardium to generate sufficient contractile force to maintain an adequate cardiac output, thereby failing to deliver the necessary blood and oxygen required to meet the metabolic demands of the body that result in hemodynamic instability, elevated filling pressures, renal dysfunction, and frequent decompensation.
evidence level3
citationCarbonaro Carla (2026)
sourceVericiguat: A New Horizon for Heart Failure Treatment
topicCitrulline Muscle Pump Randomized Trial
claim6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Over the last three decades, the management of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) has undergone a paradigm shift.
evidence level3
citationCarbonaro Carla (2026)
sourceVericiguat: A New Horizon for Heart Failure Treatment
topicCitrulline Muscle Pump Randomized Trial
claimThis “quadruple” therapy is recommended for patients with HFrEF featuring recommendation class I and evidence level A according to the current guidelines of the American College of Cardiology (ACC) and European Society of Cardiology (ESC).
evidence level3
citationCarbonaro Carla (2026)
sourceVericiguat: A New Horizon for Heart Failure Treatment
topicCitrulline Muscle Pump Randomized Trial
claim1 Heart failure (HF) is a clinical syndrome defined by symptoms such as fatigue, dyspnea, and peripheral swelling, and by signs including elevated jugular venous pressure, pulmonary crackles, and peripheral oedema.
evidence level3
citationCarbonaro Carla (2026)
sourceVericiguat: A New Horizon for Heart Failure Treatment
topicCitrulline Muscle Pump Randomized Trial
claimDaily L-arginine intakes ranging from 4.5 to 21 g lead to increased FMD and reduced PWV responses.
evidence level3
citationda Silva DVT (2023)
sourceA Critical Review on Vasoactive Nutrients for the Management of Endothelial Dysfunction and Arterial Stiffness in Individuals under Cardiovascular Risk.
topicCitrulline Muscle Pump Randomized Trial
claimPathophysiological conditions such as endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness, characterized by low nitric oxide bioavailability, deficient endothelium-dependent vasodilation and heart effort, predispose individuals to atherosclerotic lesions and cardiac events.
evidence level3
citationda Silva DVT (2023)
sourceA Critical Review on Vasoactive Nutrients for the Management of Endothelial Dysfunction and Arterial Stiffness in Individuals under Cardiovascular Risk.
topicCitrulline Muscle Pump Randomized Trial
claimNitrate (NO 3 - ), L-arginine, L-citrulline and potassium (K + ) can mitigate arterial dysfunction and stiffness by intensifying NO bioavailability.
evidence level3
citationda Silva DVT (2023)
sourceA Critical Review on Vasoactive Nutrients for the Management of Endothelial Dysfunction and Arterial Stiffness in Individuals under Cardiovascular Risk.
topicCitrulline Muscle Pump Randomized Trial
claimRepeated measures of the analysis of variance and Bayesian equivalents revealed no significant interactions, providing evidence favoring the null hypothesis (BF10 p = 0.045, BF10 = 0.2).
evidence level4
citationGonzalez AM (2023)
sourceAcute Effect of L-Citrulline Supplementation on Resistance Exercise Performance and Muscle Oxygenation in Recreationally Resistance Trained Men and Women.
topicCitrulline Muscle Pump Randomized Trial
claimL-citrulline serves as a nitric oxide precursor with the potential to increase blood flow and improve resistance exercise performance, yet more research is needed to examine its ergogenic potential.
evidence level4
citationGonzalez AM (2023)
sourceAcute Effect of L-Citrulline Supplementation on Resistance Exercise Performance and Muscle Oxygenation in Recreationally Resistance Trained Men and Women.
topicCitrulline Muscle Pump Randomized Trial
claimParticipants completed an isometric mid-thigh pull test (IMTP), a ballistic bench press protocol [two sets of two repetitions at 75% 1-repetition maximum (1 RM) with maximum ballistic intent], and a strength-endurance bench press protocol [five repetition-maximum sets at 75% 1RM].
evidence level4
citationGonzalez AM (2023)
sourceAcute Effect of L-Citrulline Supplementation on Resistance Exercise Performance and Muscle Oxygenation in Recreationally Resistance Trained Men and Women.