topicAlpha-GPC Resistance Exercise Randomized Trial
claimGlycerophosphocholine (GPC) is a well-known choline-containing compound commonly found in nature and has demonstrated potential therapeutic effects in aging-related conditions, such as neurodegenerative disorders, skeletal muscle performance, and eye disorders.
evidence level4
citationChen S (2026)
sourceA Friend or Foe: Understanding the Physiological Significance, Therapeutic Uses, and Potential Risks of Glycerophosphocholine-A Narrative Review.
topicAlpha-GPC Resistance Exercise Randomized Trial
claimFurthermore, growing evidence suggests that high intake of choline-containing compounds, including GPC, is linked with trimethylamine N -oxide (TMAO) production, a metabolite associated with atherosclerosis progression.
evidence level4
citationChen S (2026)
sourceA Friend or Foe: Understanding the Physiological Significance, Therapeutic Uses, and Potential Risks of Glycerophosphocholine-A Narrative Review.
topicAlpha-GPC Resistance Exercise Randomized Trial
claimThese warrant a better understanding of the physiological significance and metabolism of GPC in the body and how it is linked to TMAO and its potential risk.
evidence level4
citationChen S (2026)
sourceA Friend or Foe: Understanding the Physiological Significance, Therapeutic Uses, and Potential Risks of Glycerophosphocholine-A Narrative Review.
topicAlpha-GPC Resistance Exercise Randomized Trial
claimDespite being widely used as a supplement, the mechanism by which GPC is absorbed and metabolized in the digestive system remains elusive.
evidence level4
citationChen S (2026)
sourceA Friend or Foe: Understanding the Physiological Significance, Therapeutic Uses, and Potential Risks of Glycerophosphocholine-A Narrative Review.
topicAlpha-GPC Resistance Exercise Randomized Trial
claimNo significant differences between groups were found for the Flanker and N-Back assessments, while a tendency was observed for HD to have faster reaction times when compared to PL during the Flanker test.
evidence level4
citationKerksick CM (2024)
sourceAcute Alpha-Glycerylphosphorylcholine Supplementation Enhances Cognitive Performance in Healthy Men.
topicAlpha-GPC Resistance Exercise Randomized Trial
claimConclusions HD and LD A-GPC supplementation significantly increased cognitive performance in a group of young, healthy males as measured by changes in the Stroop Total Score and completion time of the Stroop test.
evidence level4
citationKerksick CM (2024)
sourceAcute Alpha-Glycerylphosphorylcholine Supplementation Enhances Cognitive Performance in Healthy Men.
topicAlpha-GPC Resistance Exercise Randomized Trial
claimBackground Choline is an essential nutrient required for proper cell functioning.
evidence level4
citationKerksick CM (2024)
sourceAcute Alpha-Glycerylphosphorylcholine Supplementation Enhances Cognitive Performance in Healthy Men.
topicAlpha-GPC Resistance Exercise Randomized Trial
claimDue to its status as a precursor to acetylcholine, an important neurotransmitter connected to cognition and neuromuscular function, maintaining or enhancing choline levels is of interest.
evidence level4
citationKerksick CM (2024)
sourceAcute Alpha-Glycerylphosphorylcholine Supplementation Enhances Cognitive Performance in Healthy Men.