topicZeaxanthin Skin Health Randomized Trial
claimAs a result, they developed enhanced olfactory and auditory systems, along with scotopic vision.
evidence level4
citationTerao Junji (2026)
sourceCarotenoid bioavailability in humans reflects the mammalian nocturnal bottleneck: a position paper
topicZeaxanthin Skin Health Randomized Trial
claim13 () Carotenoids are yellow, orange, and red pigments commonly found in living organisms.
evidence level4
citationTerao Junji (2026)
sourceCarotenoid bioavailability in humans reflects the mammalian nocturnal bottleneck: a position paper
topicZeaxanthin Skin Health Randomized Trial
claimDuring both the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods (145–66 million years ago), these mammals primarily inhabited nocturnal or underground niches, likely reducing their risk of predation from diurnal dinosaurs.In this era, mammals developed protective coloring, became nocturnal or lived underground, and relied more on smell and hearing in dark environments.
evidence level4
citationTerao Junji (2026)
sourceCarotenoid bioavailability in humans reflects the mammalian nocturnal bottleneck: a position paper
topicZeaxanthin Skin Health Randomized Trial
claimMammals vary in their ability to accumulate dietary carotenoids, including carotenes and xanthophylls, within their bodies, aside from their capacity to convert specific carotenoids into vitamin A.
evidence level4
citationTerao Junji (2026)
sourceCarotenoid bioavailability in humans reflects the mammalian nocturnal bottleneck: a position paper