Structured evidence table for Vitamin K2 Supplementation Bone Density Randomized Trial, generated from 2 reusable source documents in the Migaku knowledge base.
| topic | claim | evidence level | citation | source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vitamin K2 Supplementation Bone Density Randomized Trial | In the Global Burden of Disease 2019 analysis, low bone mineral density was associated with about 438,000 deaths and 166 million disability-adjusted life years, with large increases since 1990 (). | 1 | Zhang Zechen (2025) | The effect of vitamin K2 supplementation on bone turnover biochemical markers in postmenopausal osteoporosis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| Vitamin K2 Supplementation Bone Density Randomized Trial | In a cross-sectional study of 900 Chinese adults, higher ucOC was associated with lower BMD at the spine, femoral neck, and hip, and with higher P1NP and β-CTX, indicating increased turnover (). | 1 | Zhang Zechen (2025) | The effect of vitamin K2 supplementation on bone turnover biochemical markers in postmenopausal osteoporosis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| Vitamin K2 Supplementation Bone Density Randomized Trial | K2 deficiency has been linked to the “calcium paradox,” with insufficient skeletal deposition and increased vascular calcification (). | 1 | Zhang Zechen (2025) | The effect of vitamin K2 supplementation on bone turnover biochemical markers in postmenopausal osteoporosis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| Vitamin K2 Supplementation Bone Density Randomized Trial | It is characterized by low bone mass and deterioration of bone microarchitecture. | 1 | Zhang Zechen (2025) | The effect of vitamin K2 supplementation on bone turnover biochemical markers in postmenopausal osteoporosis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| Vitamin K2 Supplementation Bone Density Randomized Trial | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Osteopenia is a pre-pathological condition defined as the precursor of osteoporosis and characterized by reduced bone mineral density (BMD). | 4 | Nordio Maurizio (2026) | Advances in the management of osteopenia: a case series |
| Vitamin K2 Supplementation Bone Density Randomized Trial | Given its detrimental effect on human health, it is important to understand and monitor the risk factors associated with osteopenia, which include tobacco use, alcohol abuse, vitamin D and calcium deficiency, and pathological low values of body mass index (BMI) [,]. | 4 | Nordio Maurizio (2026) | Advances in the management of osteopenia: a case series |
| Vitamin K2 Supplementation Bone Density Randomized Trial | Furthermore, several concomitant pathologies may contribute to increase the risk of developing osteopenia, including kidney and liver disease, celiac disease, rickets, type I diabetes mellitus, hyperparathyroidism, hypogonadism, and amenorrhea. | 4 | Nordio Maurizio (2026) | Advances in the management of osteopenia: a case series |
| Vitamin K2 Supplementation Bone Density Randomized Trial | It is a serious threat to bone health owing to the occurrence of increasing susceptibility to fractures and bone-related diseases. | 4 | Nordio Maurizio (2026) | Advances in the management of osteopenia: a case series |
Source documents