topicVitamin D Exercise Recovery Randomized Trial
claimHowever, human evidence remains limited, particularly with regard to whether short-term vitamin Dsupplementation can modify resting inflammatory status and the acute inflammatory response to repeated supramaximal exercise.
evidence level2
citationGrześkiewicz Katarzyna (2026)
sourceEffects of 21-day vitamin D supplementation on sports performance and exercise-induced inflammation: a randomized double-blind trial
topicVitamin D Exercise Recovery Randomized Trial
claimAfter 21 days, resting 25(OH)D increased in the vitamin Dgroup by +55.7% (p < 0.001), whereas no significant change was observed in placebo (+0.5%, p = 1.000).
evidence level2
citationGrześkiewicz Katarzyna (2026)
sourceEffects of 21-day vitamin D supplementation on sports performance and exercise-induced inflammation: a randomized double-blind trial
topicVitamin D Exercise Recovery Randomized Trial
claim3 3 3 3 3 For inflammatory biomarkers, significant Group × supplementation phase interactions were observed for IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10, whereas no interaction was found for IL-1RA.
evidence level2
citationGrześkiewicz Katarzyna (2026)
sourceEffects of 21-day vitamin D supplementation on sports performance and exercise-induced inflammation: a randomized double-blind trial
topicVitamin D Exercise Recovery Randomized Trial
claimMieszkowski et al., 2021a Stankiewicz et al., 2023 McFadden et al., 2022 Nemkov et al., 2025 An excessive inflammatory response to strenuous exercise is increasingly recognized as a factor that may impair athletic performance, recovery, and overall athlete health (;).
evidence level2
citationGrześkiewicz Katarzyna (2026)
sourceEffects of 21-day vitamin D supplementation on sports performance and exercise-induced inflammation: a randomized double-blind trial
topicVitamin D Exercise Recovery Randomized Trial
claimObjective This narrative review synthesizes mechanistic and clinical evidence examining whether vitamin D status and supplementation are associated with modulation of selected exercise-responsive exerkines, and it introduces a unifying conceptual model, the "vitamin D-exerkine axis", to frame potential points of interaction between vitamin D signaling and the exercise-induced secretome.
evidence level4
citationKim DH (2026)
sourceThe interplay between vitamin D status and exerkine signaling: implications for exercise adaptation in athletes: narrative review.
topicVitamin D Exercise Recovery Randomized Trial
claimEvidence was synthesized qualitatively to distinguish biological plausibility from athlete-specific causal inference.
evidence level4
citationKim DH (2026)
sourceThe interplay between vitamin D status and exerkine signaling: implications for exercise adaptation in athletes: narrative review.
topicVitamin D Exercise Recovery Randomized Trial
claimResults Across experimental systems, vitamin D signaling via the vitamin D receptor (VDR) has been associated with expression of several exerkines implicated in inflammation, metabolism, and muscle remodeling.
evidence level4
citationKim DH (2026)
sourceThe interplay between vitamin D status and exerkine signaling: implications for exercise adaptation in athletes: narrative review.
topicVitamin D Exercise Recovery Randomized Trial
claimBackground Exercise elicits systemic adaptations through a coordinated network of exercise-responsive signaling molecules termed exerkines.
evidence level4
citationKim DH (2026)
sourceThe interplay between vitamin D status and exerkine signaling: implications for exercise adaptation in athletes: narrative review.