topicSodium Endurance Hydration Randomized Trial
claimThis cutoff was selected based on evidence indicating glycogen stress at ~40 min under heat stress.
evidence level1
citationSalame A (2026)
sourceCarbohydrate supplementation for endurance exercise in the heat: a systematic review with practical recommendations.
topicSodium Endurance Hydration Randomized Trial
claimRisk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias.
evidence level1
citationSalame A (2026)
sourceCarbohydrate supplementation for endurance exercise in the heat: a systematic review with practical recommendations.
topicSodium Endurance Hydration Randomized Trial
claimCarbohydrate supplementation resulted in equivocal benefits to endurance performance: five studies found significant ( p Conclusions Carbohydrate intake during endurance exercise in the heat does not consistently improve exercise performance.
evidence level1
citationSalame A (2026)
sourceCarbohydrate supplementation for endurance exercise in the heat: a systematic review with practical recommendations.
topicSodium Endurance Hydration Randomized Trial
claimBackground and objectives Endurance exercise performance is impaired by heat stress.
evidence level1
citationSalame A (2026)
sourceCarbohydrate supplementation for endurance exercise in the heat: a systematic review with practical recommendations.
topicSodium Endurance Hydration Randomized Trial
claimBackground: Leading sports medicine and nutrition organizations recommend replacing sodium losses during prolonged exercise; however, practical guidance for implementing sodium replacement strategies remains limited.
evidence level4
citationGoulet EDB (2026)
sourceTemporal Stability, Reproducibility and Predictability of Whole-Body Sweat Sodium Concentration During Prolonged Cycling in the Heat with <i>Ad Libitum</i> and Programmed Drinking.
topicSodium Endurance Hydration Randomized Trial
claimEstimating sodium needs during exercise requires assessment of both whole-body sweat sodium concentration (WBSSC) and sweat rate.
evidence level4
citationGoulet EDB (2026)
sourceTemporal Stability, Reproducibility and Predictability of Whole-Body Sweat Sodium Concentration During Prolonged Cycling in the Heat with <i>Ad Libitum</i> and Programmed Drinking.