topicResveratrol Cardiometabolic Meta-Analysis
claimThis review was based on a narrative literature search designed to identify experimental, clinical, and translational evidence linking natural products with gut barrier integrity, gut microbiota, low-grade inflammation, and metabolic endotoxemia.
evidence level3
citationŠantić Roko (2026)
sourceNatural Bioactive Compounds Targeting Gut Barrier Integrity and Metabolic Endotoxemia in Cardiometabolic Disease: Mechanistic Insights and Translational Perspectives
topicResveratrol Cardiometabolic Meta-Analysis
claimBecause this article is a narrative review rather than a systematic review, formal risk-of-bias assessment and quantitative evidence synthesis were not performed.
evidence level3
citationŠantić Roko (2026)
sourceNatural Bioactive Compounds Targeting Gut Barrier Integrity and Metabolic Endotoxemia in Cardiometabolic Disease: Mechanistic Insights and Translational Perspectives
topicResveratrol Cardiometabolic Meta-Analysis
claimOver the past two decades, accumulating evidence has repositioned the gastrointestinal tract from a passive absorptive organ to an immunologically active barrier whose functional state directly influences systemic inflammatory tone and metabolic homeostasis [].
evidence level3
citationŠantić Roko (2026)
sourceNatural Bioactive Compounds Targeting Gut Barrier Integrity and Metabolic Endotoxemia in Cardiometabolic Disease: Mechanistic Insights and Translational Perspectives
topicResveratrol Cardiometabolic Meta-Analysis
claimReference lists of relevant reviews and primary studies were additionally screened to identify articles not captured by database searches.
evidence level3
citationŠantić Roko (2026)
sourceNatural Bioactive Compounds Targeting Gut Barrier Integrity and Metabolic Endotoxemia in Cardiometabolic Disease: Mechanistic Insights and Translational Perspectives
topicResveratrol Cardiometabolic Meta-Analysis
claimMen typically develop atherosclerotic complications earlier and more frequently than women (,), whereas women show a steeper risk increase after menopause (), highlighting the importance of both age and biological sex for vascular disease susceptibility.
evidence level4
citationTemp Julia (2026)
sourceSex-specific effects of resveratrol and metformin on mitochondrial function and inflammatory activation in a TNF-α-driven human iPSC-derived endothelial dysfunction model
topicResveratrol Cardiometabolic Meta-Analysis
claimEndothelial cells are central orchestrators of early atherogenesis (,); exposure to pro-atherogenic stimuli such as oxidized LDL, disturbed shear stress, hyperglycemia, or pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-α) promote oxidative stress, endothelial activation, increased permeability, and expression of adhesion molecules, thereby facilitating leukocyte recruitment and plaque initiation (,).
evidence level4
citationTemp Julia (2026)
sourceSex-specific effects of resveratrol and metformin on mitochondrial function and inflammatory activation in a TNF-α-driven human iPSC-derived endothelial dysfunction model
topicResveratrol Cardiometabolic Meta-Analysis
claimLikewise, in human iPSC-derived endothelial cells (iPSC-EC), TNF-α increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, permeability, VCAM-1 expression, caspase-1 activity and IL-6 release preferentially in male cells (), suggesting that cellular sex is a critical determinant of endothelial vulnerability to inflammatory injury (,).
evidence level4
citationTemp Julia (2026)
sourceSex-specific effects of resveratrol and metformin on mitochondrial function and inflammatory activation in a TNF-α-driven human iPSC-derived endothelial dysfunction model
topicResveratrol Cardiometabolic Meta-Analysis
claim1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of death worldwide and are strongly driven by atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial wall (,).
evidence level4
citationTemp Julia (2026)
sourceSex-specific effects of resveratrol and metformin on mitochondrial function and inflammatory activation in a TNF-α-driven human iPSC-derived endothelial dysfunction model