evidence table
Pycnogenol Blood Pressure Meta-Analysis Evidence Table
Structured evidence table for Pycnogenol Blood Pressure Meta-Analysis, generated from 2 reusable source documents in the Migaku knowledge base.
| topic | claim | evidence level | citation | source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pycnogenol Blood Pressure Meta-Analysis | While glycaemic control remains the cornerstone of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) management, hypoglycaemic medications are associated with side effects. | 3 | Li E (2025) | The efficacy and safety of herbal medicines for glycaemic control and insulin resistance in individuals with type 2 diabetes: an umbrella review. |
| Pycnogenol Blood Pressure Meta-Analysis | Quality assessment was performed using A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews Version 2 (AMSTAR 2) and certainty of evidence for the primary outcome was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. | 3 | Li E (2025) | The efficacy and safety of herbal medicines for glycaemic control and insulin resistance in individuals with type 2 diabetes: an umbrella review. |
| Pycnogenol Blood Pressure Meta-Analysis | Ginger, turmeric, and Jinlida granules significantly decreased HbA1c compared to placebo (mean differences (MD): -0.467%, -0.486%, -0.283%, respectively) with moderate to high certainty evidence. | 3 | Li E (2025) | The efficacy and safety of herbal medicines for glycaemic control and insulin resistance in individuals with type 2 diabetes: an umbrella review. |
| Pycnogenol Blood Pressure Meta-Analysis | This review aims to comprehensively evaluate the efficacy and safety of herbal medicines for T2DM. | 3 | Li E (2025) | The efficacy and safety of herbal medicines for glycaemic control and insulin resistance in individuals with type 2 diabetes: an umbrella review. |
| Pycnogenol Blood Pressure Meta-Analysis | Rhabdomyolysis can cause complications such as acute kidney injury (AKI), with common etiologies including strenuous exercise, trauma, medications, and toxins. | 4 | Kermanshah A (2025) | Rhabdomyolysis Associated With Excess Pycnogenol (Maritime Pine Bark Extract): A Case Report. |
| Pycnogenol Blood Pressure Meta-Analysis | Given that creatine kinase (CK) levels of about 100,000 U/L are rare, this level of elevation may indicate the presence of an underlying contributor, such as excessive Pycnogenol intake, emphasizing the importance of taking a thorough patient history to identify factors that may otherwise be overlooked. | 4 | Kermanshah A (2025) | Rhabdomyolysis Associated With Excess Pycnogenol (Maritime Pine Bark Extract): A Case Report. |
Source documents