topicProbiotics Sleep Randomized Trial
claimIt is estimated that fibromyalgia can result in up to approximately 36 000$ of annual direct costs per patient in the US, imposing a considerable burden on the health care systems.
evidence level1
citationNakhostin-Ansari Amin (2026)
sourceEffects of probiotics on psychological issues in people with fibromyalgia: a systematic review
topicProbiotics Sleep Randomized Trial
claimThe presence of these comorbid medical conditions can make the diagnosis of fibromyalgia challenging, which could lead to mismanagement, overtreatment, and increased drug side effects.
evidence level1
citationNakhostin-Ansari Amin (2026)
sourceEffects of probiotics on psychological issues in people with fibromyalgia: a systematic review
topicProbiotics Sleep Randomized Trial
claimTherefore, proper diagnosis of fibromyalgia and its associated comorbidities is crucial for effective management of the conditions.
evidence level1
citationNakhostin-Ansari Amin (2026)
sourceEffects of probiotics on psychological issues in people with fibromyalgia: a systematic review
topicProbiotics Sleep Randomized Trial
claim1 2 [,] 3 [] 4 [] 5 6 [,] 7 8 [,] 7 8 [,] 5 [] Fibromyalgia is a syndrome characterized by chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain, often accompanied by a range of other symptoms, including sleep disturbances, excessive fatigue, and psychological issues such as depression.
evidence level1
citationNakhostin-Ansari Amin (2026)
sourceEffects of probiotics on psychological issues in people with fibromyalgia: a systematic review
topicProbiotics Sleep Randomized Trial
claim6 7 8 9 Insufficient sleep and poor sleep quality are associated with daytime sleepiness and reduced performance and are also linked to increased metabolic and cardiovascular risk and adverse mental health outcomes [].
evidence level2
citationKim Hayoung (2026)
sourceEfficacy and Safety of Bacillus coagulans IDCC 1201 for Sleep Improvement in Adults with Sleep Disturbance: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Polysomnographic Study
topicProbiotics Sleep Randomized Trial
claimHowever, pharmacotherapy has been consistently associated with concerns regarding adverse effects, including dependence and tolerance, withdrawal symptoms, cognitive impairment, and daytime drowsiness [].
evidence level2
citationKim Hayoung (2026)
sourceEfficacy and Safety of Bacillus coagulans IDCC 1201 for Sleep Improvement in Adults with Sleep Disturbance: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Polysomnographic Study
topicProbiotics Sleep Randomized Trial
claimConsistent with this, emerging evidence indicates that the gut–brain axis, through bidirectional interactions between the gut microbiota and the brain, may contribute to the regulation of sleep physiology, highlighting the potential of microbiota-based interventions.
evidence level2
citationKim Hayoung (2026)
sourceEfficacy and Safety of Bacillus coagulans IDCC 1201 for Sleep Improvement in Adults with Sleep Disturbance: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Polysomnographic Study
topicProbiotics Sleep Randomized Trial
claim1 2 3 4 5 Sleep is an active physiological process regulated by sleep homeostasis and circadian rhythms, and it is essential for recovery and regeneration of physiological and psychological systems including at the neurochemical, hormonal, muscular and immunological levels [,].
evidence level2
citationKim Hayoung (2026)
sourceEfficacy and Safety of Bacillus coagulans IDCC 1201 for Sleep Improvement in Adults with Sleep Disturbance: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Polysomnographic Study