topicProbiotic Gut Barrier Meta-Analysis
claimIt is estimated that approximately 1% to 5% of couples of reproductive age experience RSA, with the risk increasing with advanced maternal age and the number of previous miscarriages (–).
evidence level3
citationLi Dan (2026)
sourceUnraveling the intricate link: gut microbiota and recurrent spontaneous abortion
topicProbiotic Gut Barrier Meta-Analysis
claimRSA not only causes physical harm, such as uterine damage and increased risk of infection, but also leads to severe psychological stress, including depression, anxiety, and infertility-related distress ().
evidence level3
citationLi Dan (2026)
sourceUnraveling the intricate link: gut microbiota and recurrent spontaneous abortion
topicProbiotic Gut Barrier Meta-Analysis
claimIn recent years, emerging evidence has suggested a potential link between the gut microbiota and RSA, highlighting the gut microbiota-host axis as a novel area of research in reproductive medicine (,).
evidence level3
citationLi Dan (2026)
sourceUnraveling the intricate link: gut microbiota and recurrent spontaneous abortion
topicProbiotic Gut Barrier Meta-Analysis
claim1 3 4 Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) is a distressing and complex medical condition that significantly impacts the physical and mental health of women.
evidence level3
citationLi Dan (2026)
sourceUnraveling the intricate link: gut microbiota and recurrent spontaneous abortion
topicProbiotic Gut Barrier Meta-Analysis
claimThis review adopts a systems-level perspective to synthesize emerging evidence on probiotic-driven gut–brain, gut–skin, gut–oral, and metabolic interactions, emphasizing shared mechanisms rather than isolated clinical outcomes.
evidence level3
citationZalila-Kolsi Imen (2026)
sourceProbiotics and the Human Microbiome: Classical Functions, Emerging Systemic Roles, and Future Therapeutic Frontiers
topicProbiotic Gut Barrier Meta-Analysis
claimIn parallel, advances in encapsulation and delivery technologies have improved probiotic survival during gastrointestinal transit, thereby enhancing their functional efficacy within the gut.
evidence level3
citationZalila-Kolsi Imen (2026)
sourceProbiotics and the Human Microbiome: Classical Functions, Emerging Systemic Roles, and Future Therapeutic Frontiers
topicProbiotic Gut Barrier Meta-Analysis
claimrhamnosus 14 16 Functionally, experimental and clinical studies indicate that strain-specificspecies, such as,, and, regulate gut motility and carbohydrate metabolism, contributing to improved lactose digestion and alleviation of constipation and bloating [].
evidence level3
citationZalila-Kolsi Imen (2026)
sourceProbiotics and the Human Microbiome: Classical Functions, Emerging Systemic Roles, and Future Therapeutic Frontiers
topicProbiotic Gut Barrier Meta-Analysis
claim1 2 3 4 5 Lactobacillus Bifidobacterium Enterococcus Streptococcus Saccharomyces boulardii, The term “probiotics,” which comes from the Greek word “for life,” refers to live microorganisms that, when given in sufficient quantities, promote the host’s health [].
evidence level3
citationZalila-Kolsi Imen (2026)
sourceProbiotics and the Human Microbiome: Classical Functions, Emerging Systemic Roles, and Future Therapeutic Frontiers