evidence table

Probiotic Digestive Comfort Meta-Analysis Evidence Table

Structured evidence table for Probiotic Digestive Comfort Meta-Analysis, generated from 1 reusable source document in the Migaku knowledge base.

topicclaimevidence levelcitationsource
Probiotic Digestive Comfort Meta-AnalysisIn contrast, evidence regarding probiotic effects on metformin-associated gastrointestinal symptoms appears more consistent, with several clinical trials and meta-analyses demonstrating reductions in diarrhea, abdominal discomfort, and abnormal stool frequency (,).2Ratajczak Marzena (2026)Multi-strain probiotic reduces gastrointestinal side effects in women with elevated HOMA-IR index treated with metformin: a 12-week randomised controlled trial
Probiotic Digestive Comfort Meta-AnalysisThe primary outcome of the present trial was the change in gastrointestinal symptoms associated with metformin treatment, assessed using selected items from the Adult Rome IV Questionnaire.2Ratajczak Marzena (2026)Multi-strain probiotic reduces gastrointestinal side effects in women with elevated HOMA-IR index treated with metformin: a 12-week randomised controlled trial
Probiotic Digestive Comfort Meta-AnalysisOther conditions that could pose any risk to the patient during the observation period were also exclusionary.2Ratajczak Marzena (2026)Multi-strain probiotic reduces gastrointestinal side effects in women with elevated HOMA-IR index treated with metformin: a 12-week randomised controlled trial
Probiotic Digestive Comfort Meta-Analysis1 7 8 Metformin exerts many of its glucose-lowering effects through the gastrointestinal tract, including modulation of bile acid metabolism, enteroendocrine signaling, and alterations in gut microbial composition, which may influence incretin secretion and intestinal glucose handling (–).2Ratajczak Marzena (2026)Multi-strain probiotic reduces gastrointestinal side effects in women with elevated HOMA-IR index treated with metformin: a 12-week randomised controlled trial
topicProbiotic Digestive Comfort Meta-Analysis
claimIn contrast, evidence regarding probiotic effects on metformin-associated gastrointestinal symptoms appears more consistent, with several clinical trials and meta-analyses demonstrating reductions in diarrhea, abdominal discomfort, and abnormal stool frequency (,).
evidence level2
citationRatajczak Marzena (2026)
sourceMulti-strain probiotic reduces gastrointestinal side effects in women with elevated HOMA-IR index treated with metformin: a 12-week randomised controlled trial
topicProbiotic Digestive Comfort Meta-Analysis
claimThe primary outcome of the present trial was the change in gastrointestinal symptoms associated with metformin treatment, assessed using selected items from the Adult Rome IV Questionnaire.
evidence level2
citationRatajczak Marzena (2026)
sourceMulti-strain probiotic reduces gastrointestinal side effects in women with elevated HOMA-IR index treated with metformin: a 12-week randomised controlled trial
topicProbiotic Digestive Comfort Meta-Analysis
claimOther conditions that could pose any risk to the patient during the observation period were also exclusionary.
evidence level2
citationRatajczak Marzena (2026)
sourceMulti-strain probiotic reduces gastrointestinal side effects in women with elevated HOMA-IR index treated with metformin: a 12-week randomised controlled trial
topicProbiotic Digestive Comfort Meta-Analysis
claim1 7 8 Metformin exerts many of its glucose-lowering effects through the gastrointestinal tract, including modulation of bile acid metabolism, enteroendocrine signaling, and alterations in gut microbial composition, which may influence incretin secretion and intestinal glucose handling (–).
evidence level2
citationRatajczak Marzena (2026)
sourceMulti-strain probiotic reduces gastrointestinal side effects in women with elevated HOMA-IR index treated with metformin: a 12-week randomised controlled trial

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Source documents

  1. Multi-strain probiotic reduces gastrointestinal side effects in women with elevated HOMA-IR index treated with metformin: a 12-week randomised controlled trial