topicPine Bark Blood Pressure Meta-Analysis
claimProcyanidins, flavonoids, and phenolic acids are among the concentrated forms of phenolic chemicals found in bark extracts [], with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties [].
evidence level4
citationBarros Diana (2025)
sourceCorrelation of Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of the Aqueous Pinus pinaster Aiton Bark Extract Within a Cytocompatible Concentration Range
topicPine Bark Blood Pressure Meta-Analysis
claim12 13 13 Growing public awareness is driving the quest for alternatives for currently undervalued forest leftovers and the application of alternative methods for the sustainable extraction of value-added substances found in these matrices.
evidence level4
citationBarros Diana (2025)
sourceCorrelation of Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of the Aqueous Pinus pinaster Aiton Bark Extract Within a Cytocompatible Concentration Range
topicPine Bark Blood Pressure Meta-Analysis
claimThe species identification was performed based on morphological characteristics consistent withAiton, verified by specialists associated with Centro PINUS.
evidence level4
citationBarros Diana (2025)
sourceCorrelation of Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of the Aqueous Pinus pinaster Aiton Bark Extract Within a Cytocompatible Concentration Range
topicPine Bark Blood Pressure Meta-Analysis
claimPinus pinaster 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 8 9 7 10 11 Maritime pine forests (Aiton) account for approximately 23% of Portugal’s forested areas [].
evidence level4
citationBarros Diana (2025)
sourceCorrelation of Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of the Aqueous Pinus pinaster Aiton Bark Extract Within a Cytocompatible Concentration Range
topicPine Bark Blood Pressure Meta-Analysis
claimRhabdomyolysis can cause complications such as acute kidney injury (AKI), with common etiologies including strenuous exercise, trauma, medications, and toxins.
evidence level4
citationKermanshah A (2025)
sourceRhabdomyolysis Associated With Excess Pycnogenol (Maritime Pine Bark Extract): A Case Report.
topicPine Bark Blood Pressure Meta-Analysis
claimGiven that creatine kinase (CK) levels of about 100,000 U/L are rare, this level of elevation may indicate the presence of an underlying contributor, such as excessive Pycnogenol intake, emphasizing the importance of taking a thorough patient history to identify factors that may otherwise be overlooked.
evidence level4
citationKermanshah A (2025)
sourceRhabdomyolysis Associated With Excess Pycnogenol (Maritime Pine Bark Extract): A Case Report.