topicPeppermint Irritable Bowel Syndrome Meta-Analysis
claimYoung adults, particularly females, have a higher prevalence, which has increased substantially over the past decades [].
evidence level2
citationPastras Ploutarchos (2026)
sourcePlant-Derived Treatments for IBS: Clinical Outcomes, Mechanistic Insights, and Their Position in International Guidelines
topicPeppermint Irritable Bowel Syndrome Meta-Analysis
claimMore specifically, the presence of recurrent abdominal pain, on average, at least 1 day per week in the last 3 months, associated with two or more of the following: symptoms related to defecation, a change in stool frequency, or a change in stool form [].
evidence level2
citationPastras Ploutarchos (2026)
sourcePlant-Derived Treatments for IBS: Clinical Outcomes, Mechanistic Insights, and Their Position in International Guidelines
topicPeppermint Irritable Bowel Syndrome Meta-Analysis
claimIBS is associated with reduced engagement in daily activities, increased work absenteeism, and impaired functioning, thereby increasing the global healthcare burden [].
evidence level2
citationPastras Ploutarchos (2026)
sourcePlant-Derived Treatments for IBS: Clinical Outcomes, Mechanistic Insights, and Their Position in International Guidelines
topicPeppermint Irritable Bowel Syndrome Meta-Analysis
claim1 2 1 3 1 4 5 Disorders of gut–brain interaction (DGBIs) are functional gastrointestinal conditions characterized by a complex interplay between the gut and the brain [].
evidence level2
citationPastras Ploutarchos (2026)
sourcePlant-Derived Treatments for IBS: Clinical Outcomes, Mechanistic Insights, and Their Position in International Guidelines
topicPeppermint Irritable Bowel Syndrome Meta-Analysis
claimAbdominal pain must be associated with two or more of the following: defecation, change in stool frequency, or change in stool form (Rome [Foundation] IV criteria;).
evidence level4
citationLadewski Amy M. (2026)
sourceDiagnosis and treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea: Key clinical considerations
topicPeppermint Irritable Bowel Syndrome Meta-Analysis
claimThe emphasis that NPs and PAs place on holistic, patient-centered care provides increased opportunities for education and counseling, and patients with disorders of gut–brain interaction, such as IBS, would benefit from a collaborative treatment approach that validates their experiences and addresses their most bothersome symptoms (;;).
evidence level4
citationLadewski Amy M. (2026)
sourceDiagnosis and treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea: Key clinical considerations
topicPeppermint Irritable Bowel Syndrome Meta-Analysis
claimHe reported no evidence of rectal bleeding or unintentional weight loss and had no known family history of colorectal cancer, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), or other GI conditions.
evidence level4
citationLadewski Amy M. (2026)
sourceDiagnosis and treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea: Key clinical considerations
topicPeppermint Irritable Bowel Syndrome Meta-Analysis
claimThis condition is characterized by recurrent abdominal pain occurring at least 1 day per week, on average, during the previous 3 months, with symptom onset at least 6 months before diagnosis.
evidence level4
citationLadewski Amy M. (2026)
sourceDiagnosis and treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea: Key clinical considerations