topicNitrate Endurance Performance Systematic Review
claimPlant-derived whole foods and food-based supplements may support recovery through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, vascular, and metabolic mechanisms; however, the available evidence remains heterogeneous.
evidence level1
citationNguyen DHN (2026)
sourcePlant-Derived Whole Foods and Food-Based Supplements on Post-Exercise Recovery in Physically Active Individuals: A Systematic Review of Human Intervention Trials.
topicNitrate Endurance Performance Systematic Review
claimRisk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane RoB 2 tool for randomized trials and ROBINS-I for the non-randomized intervention study.
evidence level1
citationNguyen DHN (2026)
sourcePlant-Derived Whole Foods and Food-Based Supplements on Post-Exercise Recovery in Physically Active Individuals: A Systematic Review of Human Intervention Trials.
topicNitrate Endurance Performance Systematic Review
claimAmong the 35 randomized trials assessed using RoB 2, 11 were judged to have a low overall risk of bias and 24 raised some concerns; none was judged to have a high overall risk of bias.
evidence level1
citationNguyen DHN (2026)
sourcePlant-Derived Whole Foods and Food-Based Supplements on Post-Exercise Recovery in Physically Active Individuals: A Systematic Review of Human Intervention Trials.
topicNitrate Endurance Performance Systematic Review
claimBackground/objectives Post-exercise recovery is essential for maintaining training quality and subsequent performance.
evidence level1
citationNguyen DHN (2026)
sourcePlant-Derived Whole Foods and Food-Based Supplements on Post-Exercise Recovery in Physically Active Individuals: A Systematic Review of Human Intervention Trials.
topicNitrate Endurance Performance Systematic Review
claimSome supplements are among the most evidence‐based and practically useful interventions available to athletes, whereas the same market may expose athletes to substances that are ineffective, mislabelled, contaminated or prohibited under antidoping regulations [–].
evidence level3
citationMancin Laura (2026)
sourceReducing the Risk of Unintentional Doping From Supplements: A Practical Guide for Athletes and Support Teams
topicNitrate Endurance Performance Systematic Review
claimThus, the clinical question is not simply whether a supplement can improve performance, but whether its expected benefit justifies its safety, legal and antidoping risk in a specific athlete and context.
evidence level3
citationMancin Laura (2026)
sourceReducing the Risk of Unintentional Doping From Supplements: A Practical Guide for Athletes and Support Teams
topicNitrate Endurance Performance Systematic Review
claimConsensus statements, including those from the International Olympic Committee (IOC), support the targeted use of a limited number of supplements in well‐defined scenarios when decisions are made by qualified professionals and grounded in evidence‐based practice [].
evidence level3
citationMancin Laura (2026)
sourceReducing the Risk of Unintentional Doping From Supplements: A Practical Guide for Athletes and Support Teams
topicNitrate Endurance Performance Systematic Review
claim1 3 4 5 The pursuit of peak performance in sport requires continuous optimisation of training, recovery, nutrition and health.
evidence level3
citationMancin Laura (2026)
sourceReducing the Risk of Unintentional Doping From Supplements: A Practical Guide for Athletes and Support Teams