Structured evidence table for Multivitamin Cognition Randomized Trial, generated from 2 reusable source documents in the Migaku knowledge base.
| topic | claim | evidence level | citation | source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Multivitamin Cognition Randomized Trial | As medical doctors and clinical researchers, we inhabit a world of evidence-based practice. | 3 | Sheldon Rocco (2026) | Consumer-Relevant Endpoints in Nutritional Supplement Research: A Case of Multivitamin and Mineral Supplements |
| Multivitamin Cognition Randomized Trial | 1 2 3 The Physicians’ Health Study II (PHS-II) [], a large RCT enrolling 14,641 male physicians, found that long-term daily MVM use had no significant effect on major cardiovascular events or all-cause mortality. | 3 | Sheldon Rocco (2026) | Consumer-Relevant Endpoints in Nutritional Supplement Research: A Case of Multivitamin and Mineral Supplements |
| Multivitamin Cognition Randomized Trial | The COcoa Supplement and Multivitamin Outcomes Study (COSMOS) [], which randomly assigned >21,442 older males and females, also found that MVM supplementation did not reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) or cancer. | 3 | Sheldon Rocco (2026) | Consumer-Relevant Endpoints in Nutritional Supplement Research: A Case of Multivitamin and Mineral Supplements |
| Multivitamin Cognition Randomized Trial | We are guided by large-scale, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials [randomized controlled trial (RCTs)] as the reference standard of our profession. | 3 | Sheldon Rocco (2026) | Consumer-Relevant Endpoints in Nutritional Supplement Research: A Case of Multivitamin and Mineral Supplements |
| Multivitamin Cognition Randomized Trial | Polyphenols strengthen the intestinal barrier and reduce endotoxemia; cocoa bean shell extracts protected against oxysterol‐induced intestinal damage and improved gut microbiota composition in preclinical models (Alia et al. ). | 3 | Akif Adnan (2026) | Dietary Polyphenols in Non‐Communicable Chronic Diseases: Neuro–Enteric Mechanisms, Multi‐Omics Biomarkers and Translational Opportunities |
| Multivitamin Cognition Randomized Trial | While many epidemiological studies correlate polyphenol‐rich diets (e.g., Mediterranean diet) with reduced NCCD risk, causality is uncertain due to confounding and measurement error. | 3 | Akif Adnan (2026) | Dietary Polyphenols in Non‐Communicable Chronic Diseases: Neuro–Enteric Mechanisms, Multi‐Omics Biomarkers and Translational Opportunities |
| Multivitamin Cognition Randomized Trial | Controlled trials provide more robust evidence but vary widely in doses, formulations, populations and endpoints. | 3 | Akif Adnan (2026) | Dietary Polyphenols in Non‐Communicable Chronic Diseases: Neuro–Enteric Mechanisms, Multi‐Omics Biomarkers and Translational Opportunities |
| Multivitamin Cognition Randomized Trial | AMP BBB CNS COMT COSMOS CRP (hs‐CRP) CSF EGCG ENB‐2 (ENB) ENS EVOO FMD GAD‐7 (GAD) GM‐CSF (GM) HDL HOMA‐IR (HOMA) IBS IL IR LDL LPS MCI MMSE NADPH NCCD (NCCDs) PHGG PHQ‐9 (PHQ) PSQI PWV RBANS RCT SCFA SD TNF (TNF‐α) 2024 Non‐communicable chronic diseases account for the majority of morbidity and mortality worldwide. | 3 | Akif Adnan (2026) | Dietary Polyphenols in Non‐Communicable Chronic Diseases: Neuro–Enteric Mechanisms, Multi‐Omics Biomarkers and Translational Opportunities |
Source documents