topicMagnesium Citrate Constipation Randomized Trial
claimBACKGROUND: The consumption of brown rice, which contains bran and germ and is rich in fiber, micronutrients, and phytochemicals, can contribute to good physical, cognitive, and mental health.
evidence level2
citationTakahashi M (2026)
sourceEffects of a brown rice-derived supplement on physical, cognitive and mental health among adults and the role of the gut microbiota: study protocol for a longitudinal, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
topicMagnesium Citrate Constipation Randomized Trial
claimHowever, these health benefits and the relevant mechanisms have not been fully elucidated, especially in human subjects.
evidence level2
citationTakahashi M (2026)
sourceEffects of a brown rice-derived supplement on physical, cognitive and mental health among adults and the role of the gut microbiota: study protocol for a longitudinal, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
topicMagnesium Citrate Constipation Randomized Trial
claimReduced kidney function in these patients leads to a range of pathological changes in mineral metabolism termed mineral and bone disorder (MBD)[].
evidence level4
citationIlkun Olesya (2026)
sourceEmerging treatments and current strategies for mineral, vascular, and bone disorders in chronic kidney disease
topicMagnesium Citrate Constipation Randomized Trial
claimIndeed, high serum phosphate in patients with ESKD is associated with increased risk of all-cause[,] and cardiovascular (CV) mortality[,], as well as bone fractures[].
evidence level4
citationIlkun Olesya (2026)
sourceEmerging treatments and current strategies for mineral, vascular, and bone disorders in chronic kidney disease
topicMagnesium Citrate Constipation Randomized Trial
claimElevated calcium levels are also associated with increased mortality across all stages of kidney disease, but particularly so in ESKD[,].
evidence level4
citationIlkun Olesya (2026)
sourceEmerging treatments and current strategies for mineral, vascular, and bone disorders in chronic kidney disease
topicMagnesium Citrate Constipation Randomized Trial
claimPatients with advanced chronic kidney disease and end-stage kidney disease experience disproportionally high morbidity and mortality compared to the general population, particularly from cardiovascular disease and following bone fractures.
evidence level4
citationIlkun Olesya (2026)
sourceEmerging treatments and current strategies for mineral, vascular, and bone disorders in chronic kidney disease