topicIsomaltulose Exercise Performance Randomized Trial
claimConversely, subjective outcomes diverged; the CON group reported significantly greater subjective arousal (wakefulness and relaxation) ( p Conclusions In conclusion, continuous intake of isomaltulose-containing gummies during an 18-hole golf round was associated with differences in selected physiological markers, including DHEAS and testosterone concentrations.
evidence level2
citationNagashima Y (2026)
sourceEffects of continuous isomaltulose-containing gummy intake on interstitial glucose and salivary hormones during an 18-hole golf round: a randomized, double-blind controlled pilot study.
topicIsomaltulose Exercise Performance Randomized Trial
claimBackground Golf is a prolonged, moderate-intensity sport requiring sustained physiological stability to manage cumulative stress and maintain performance.
evidence level2
citationNagashima Y (2026)
sourceEffects of continuous isomaltulose-containing gummy intake on interstitial glucose and salivary hormones during an 18-hole golf round: a randomized, double-blind controlled pilot study.
topicIsomaltulose Exercise Performance Randomized Trial
claimAlthough carbohydrate intake is commonly used to reduce fatigue, rapidly absorbed sugar-induced rapid blood glucose fluctuations may induce volatile arousal and latent metabolic stress.
evidence level2
citationNagashima Y (2026)
sourceEffects of continuous isomaltulose-containing gummy intake on interstitial glucose and salivary hormones during an 18-hole golf round: a randomized, double-blind controlled pilot study.
topicIsomaltulose Exercise Performance Randomized Trial
claimPurpose : We hypothesised that cognition following consumption of an isomaltulose beverage would be comparable to that of an isoenergetic sucrose-based beverage, but the latter would attenuate post-ingestive metabolic responses.
evidence level4
citationBloomfield PM (2026)
sourceIsomaltulose-Based Stimulant Beverages Can Improve Postprandial Metabolic Responses Without Compromising Cognitive Benefits Associated with Caffeinated Energy Drinks.
topicIsomaltulose Exercise Performance Randomized Trial
claimMethods : Thirty adults (15 males, 15 females) aged 21-44 years completed three experimental sessions, following at least 3 h fasting.
evidence level4
citationBloomfield PM (2026)
sourceIsomaltulose-Based Stimulant Beverages Can Improve Postprandial Metabolic Responses Without Compromising Cognitive Benefits Associated with Caffeinated Energy Drinks.