topicGlutamine Exercise Performance Randomized Trial
claimFor every 1 µg/mL increase in salivary threonine concentration, average running speed increased by 0.011 km/h, and this correlation persisted after adjusting for age and heart rate.
evidence level3
citationZhao H (2025)
sourceImpact of Salivary Amino Acid Concentrations on 8 km Running Performance in Male Undergraduate Students: A Prospective Observational Study Based on HPLC.
topicGlutamine Exercise Performance Randomized Trial
claimConclusions This study found a positive correlation between salivary threonine and 8 km running speed, along with differences in serine and glutamine concentrations among runners with different speeds.
evidence level3
citationZhao H (2025)
sourceImpact of Salivary Amino Acid Concentrations on 8 km Running Performance in Male Undergraduate Students: A Prospective Observational Study Based on HPLC.
topicGlutamine Exercise Performance Randomized Trial
claimThese findings provide preliminary evidence for the relationship between salivary amino acid concentrations and running performance, though further research with larger samples and diverse exercise types is needed.
evidence level3
citationZhao H (2025)
sourceImpact of Salivary Amino Acid Concentrations on 8 km Running Performance in Male Undergraduate Students: A Prospective Observational Study Based on HPLC.
topicGlutamine Exercise Performance Randomized Trial
claimPurpose To explore the potential relationship between salivary amino acid concentrations and 8 km running performance in male undergraduate students.
evidence level3
citationZhao H (2025)
sourceImpact of Salivary Amino Acid Concentrations on 8 km Running Performance in Male Undergraduate Students: A Prospective Observational Study Based on HPLC.
topicGlutamine Exercise Performance Randomized Trial
claimHowever, current evidence remains insufficient to determine clear supplementation benefits or define an optimal timing strategy.
evidence level4
citationDjordjevic B (2026)
sourceGlutamine Supplementation and Exercise: A Narrative Review of Biochemical Mechanisms and Timing Strategies.
topicGlutamine Exercise Performance Randomized Trial
claimUntil such evidence emerges, recommendations should remain individualized, considering athlete-specific needs.
evidence level4
citationDjordjevic B (2026)
sourceGlutamine Supplementation and Exercise: A Narrative Review of Biochemical Mechanisms and Timing Strategies.
topicGlutamine Exercise Performance Randomized Trial
claimIntense physical activity imposes substantial oxidative, metabolic, and immunological stress on the human body.
evidence level4
citationDjordjevic B (2026)
sourceGlutamine Supplementation and Exercise: A Narrative Review of Biochemical Mechanisms and Timing Strategies.
topicGlutamine Exercise Performance Randomized Trial
claimIt is often accompanied by reductions in plasma glutamine levels, making this amino acid conditionally essential.
evidence level4
citationDjordjevic B (2026)
sourceGlutamine Supplementation and Exercise: A Narrative Review of Biochemical Mechanisms and Timing Strategies.