topicElectrolyte Supplementation Endurance Randomized Trial
claimResults Calcium was associated with lower heart rates 45 min after starting the infusion (P = .002).
evidence level2
citationFielding CL (2023)
sourceEffects of calcium supplementation to resuscitation fluids in endurance horses: A randomized, blinded, clinical trial.
topicElectrolyte Supplementation Endurance Randomized Trial
claimAn increase in plasma phosphorus concentration (P = .03) was associated with calcium administration.
evidence level2
citationFielding CL (2023)
sourceEffects of calcium supplementation to resuscitation fluids in endurance horses: A randomized, blinded, clinical trial.
topicElectrolyte Supplementation Endurance Randomized Trial
claimBackground The addition of calcium to resuscitation fluids is a common practice in horses, but studies evaluating the effects of calcium supplementation are limited.
evidence level2
citationFielding CL (2023)
sourceEffects of calcium supplementation to resuscitation fluids in endurance horses: A randomized, blinded, clinical trial.
topicElectrolyte Supplementation Endurance Randomized Trial
claimIn healthy horses, decreases in heart rate and changes in serum electrolyte concentrations have been reported.
evidence level2
citationFielding CL (2023)
sourceEffects of calcium supplementation to resuscitation fluids in endurance horses: A randomized, blinded, clinical trial.
topicElectrolyte Supplementation Endurance Randomized Trial
claimRecent evidence also suggests improvements in cognitive performance during exercise, including focus and reaction time, especially with exogenous ketone esters [].
evidence level3
citationSiri Morvarid (2025)
sourceThe science of ketogenic supplements for athletes: boosting endurance, efficiency, and energy metabolism
topicElectrolyte Supplementation Endurance Randomized Trial
claimIn addition, it critically examines the available evidence on the long-term safety of these supplements in athletic populations, highlighting both their advantages and limitations.
evidence level3
citationSiri Morvarid (2025)
sourceThe science of ketogenic supplements for athletes: boosting endurance, efficiency, and energy metabolism
topicElectrolyte Supplementation Endurance Randomized Trial
claimRecent findings also suggest that exogenous ketones support redox balance and reduce oxidative stress, contributing to improved endurance efficiency and faster post-exercise recovery.
evidence level3
citationSiri Morvarid (2025)
sourceThe science of ketogenic supplements for athletes: boosting endurance, efficiency, and energy metabolism
topicElectrolyte Supplementation Endurance Randomized Trial
claim1 2 3 Use of supplements to enhance sporting performance is presently common among sportsmen and women, as well as sport enthusiasts [].
evidence level3
citationSiri Morvarid (2025)
sourceThe science of ketogenic supplements for athletes: boosting endurance, efficiency, and energy metabolism