topicElectrolyte Hydration Exercise Meta-Analysis
claimThis narrative review critically synthesizes current evidence on nutritional interventions that may be relevant to football performed in the heat, with emphasis on hydration and electrolyte replacement, carbohydrate-protein strategies, taurine, branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), creatine, menthol, antioxidant- and nitrate-related approaches, and selected multi-ingredient products.
evidence level4
citationDai X (2026)
sourceNutritional Strategies to Support Performance Maintenance and Recovery in Football Under Hot Environmental Conditions: A Narrative Review.
topicElectrolyte Hydration Exercise Meta-Analysis
claimBy contrast, evidence for BCAAs, antioxidants, nitrates, and caffeine as stand-alone heat strategies, as well as for many compound supplements, remains inconsistent, context-specific, or too indirect for strong football-specific endorsement.
evidence level4
citationDai X (2026)
sourceNutritional Strategies to Support Performance Maintenance and Recovery in Football Under Hot Environmental Conditions: A Narrative Review.
topicElectrolyte Hydration Exercise Meta-Analysis
claimOverall, the evidence base remains heterogeneous in study quality, protocol design, exercise mode, and sport specificity.
evidence level4
citationDai X (2026)
sourceNutritional Strategies to Support Performance Maintenance and Recovery in Football Under Hot Environmental Conditions: A Narrative Review.
topicElectrolyte Hydration Exercise Meta-Analysis
claimRising ambient temperatures and the increasing frequency of training and competition in hot climates have made heat stress a major challenge in football.
evidence level4
citationDai X (2026)
sourceNutritional Strategies to Support Performance Maintenance and Recovery in Football Under Hot Environmental Conditions: A Narrative Review.
topicElectrolyte Hydration Exercise Meta-Analysis
claimWithout adequate fluid replacement, thermoregulation becomes less efficient and the risk of dehydration-related fatigue increases [].
evidence level4
citationHsu Yi-Ju (2026)
sourceEffects of carbohydrate-electrolyte solutions with and without L-menthol on hydration and performance recovery following simulated firefighting exercise
topicElectrolyte Hydration Exercise Meta-Analysis
claimThese results indicate that recovery perception improved progressively over time, with no meaningful differences between rehydration conditions.
evidence level4
citationHsu Yi-Ju (2026)
sourceEffects of carbohydrate-electrolyte solutions with and without L-menthol on hydration and performance recovery following simulated firefighting exercise
topicElectrolyte Hydration Exercise Meta-Analysis
claimThese findings align with evidence that fluids containing sodium, potassium, and carbohydrate enhance fluid retention, stimulate voluntary intake, and accelerate restoration of fluid balance compared with water [].
evidence level4
citationHsu Yi-Ju (2026)
sourceEffects of carbohydrate-electrolyte solutions with and without L-menthol on hydration and performance recovery following simulated firefighting exercise
topicElectrolyte Hydration Exercise Meta-Analysis
claim1 2 3 4 5 6 Firefighting tasks performed in full personal protective equipment (PPE) represent an extreme model of high-intensity exercise under thermal strain.
evidence level4
citationHsu Yi-Ju (2026)
sourceEffects of carbohydrate-electrolyte solutions with and without L-menthol on hydration and performance recovery following simulated firefighting exercise