topicCreatine Working Memory Randomized Trial
claimThe proportion of the world’s population over 60 years is projected to double from 12% to 22% by 2050.Aging is known to be associated with various declines in physical and cognitive function.
evidence level1
citationMarshall Samantha (2026)
sourceCreatine and Cognition in Aging: A Systematic Review of Evidence in Older Adults
topicCreatine Working Memory Randomized Trial
claim, , , , Previous research has shown that dietary creatine supplementation is associated with a reduction in the effects of aging on muscle and bone in older adults, especially when combined with RT.Although there has been extensive research on creatine’s effects on physical function in both healthy and clinical populations,the impact of creatine on cognition and brain health remains less well established.
evidence level1
citationMarshall Samantha (2026)
sourceCreatine and Cognition in Aging: A Systematic Review of Evidence in Older Adults
topicCreatine Working Memory Randomized Trial
claimWhile there is evidence that creatine crosses the blood–brain barrier via the creatine transporter,most creatine in the body is known to be stored in skeletal muscle, with only approximately 5% stored in the brain.
evidence level1
citationMarshall Samantha (2026)
sourceCreatine and Cognition in Aging: A Systematic Review of Evidence in Older Adults
topicCreatine Working Memory Randomized Trial
claimActively maintaining muscle mass is essential for reducing sarcopenia, frailty, and cognitive decline in older adults.
evidence level1
citationMarshall Samantha (2026)
sourceCreatine and Cognition in Aging: A Systematic Review of Evidence in Older Adults
topicCreatine Working Memory Randomized Trial
claimCreatine is naturally found in red meat and seafood, with trace amounts found in some plants [-].
evidence level3
citationMuacevic Alexander (2026)
sourceCreatine: Clinical Implications for Orthopedic Surgeons
topicCreatine Working Memory Randomized Trial
claimAbout 95% of creatine is found within skeletal muscle, with the remaining 5% in the brain, testes, and heart.
evidence level3
citationMuacevic Alexander (2026)
sourceCreatine: Clinical Implications for Orthopedic Surgeons
topicCreatine Working Memory Randomized Trial
claimThe 2013 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) National Study of Substance Use Habits of College Student Athletes found that 13.2% used creatine in the last year [].
evidence level3
citationMuacevic Alexander (2026)
sourceCreatine: Clinical Implications for Orthopedic Surgeons
topicCreatine Working Memory Randomized Trial
claim1 1 3 4 5 6 3 6 1 4 7 3 Owing to the popularity of nutritional supplements, the orthopedic surgeon will surely encounter patients taking creatine.
evidence level3
citationMuacevic Alexander (2026)
sourceCreatine: Clinical Implications for Orthopedic Surgeons