evidence table

Cocoa Flavanol Memory Meta-Analysis Evidence Table

Structured evidence table for Cocoa Flavanol Memory Meta-Analysis, generated from 2 reusable source documents in the Migaku knowledge base.

topicclaimevidence levelcitationsource
Cocoa Flavanol Memory Meta-Analysis6 2,7–9 10 11 12 13 Although amyloid-beta and tau hypotheses have been the primary hypotheses in the underlying pathogenesis of AD, emerging evidence suggests that amyloidegenesis can be exacerbated by oxidative stress, leading to AD development and progression [].3Zainuddin Muhammad-Safuan (2026)Oxidative stress biomarkers and flavonoids in Alzheimer's disease: current clinical evidence and therapeutic perspectives
Cocoa Flavanol Memory Meta-AnalysisGrowing evidence suggests that oxidative stress and impairment of innate antioxidative defence may precede the pathological features of AD and clinical manifestations [,].3Zainuddin Muhammad-Safuan (2026)Oxidative stress biomarkers and flavonoids in Alzheimer's disease: current clinical evidence and therapeutic perspectives
Cocoa Flavanol Memory Meta-AnalysisTherefore, this review aims to highlight evidence of oxidative biomarkers across different specimens, including post-mortem brain and biofluids in AD patients compared to the healthy population.3Zainuddin Muhammad-Safuan (2026)Oxidative stress biomarkers and flavonoids in Alzheimer's disease: current clinical evidence and therapeutic perspectives
Cocoa Flavanol Memory Meta-Analysis1 1 2 1 3 4 5 Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prominent age-related neurodegenerative disease in the world [].3Zainuddin Muhammad-Safuan (2026)Oxidative stress biomarkers and flavonoids in Alzheimer's disease: current clinical evidence and therapeutic perspectives
Cocoa Flavanol Memory Meta-Analysis1 2 3 3 3 4 5 6 The characteristics of dementia syndrome are cognitive dysfunction, including memory loss, reduced executive functions, language impairment, and affected performance in daily life activities [].4Sbai Oualid (2026)The Role of Polyphenols on Cognitive Function and Dementia Through Gut–Microbiota–Brain Axis Modulation: A Narrative Review
Cocoa Flavanol Memory Meta-AnalysisNotably, about 70% of older people are living in low–middle income countries [], representing a significant economic weight associated with medical costs for health systems [].4Sbai Oualid (2026)The Role of Polyphenols on Cognitive Function and Dementia Through Gut–Microbiota–Brain Axis Modulation: A Narrative Review
Cocoa Flavanol Memory Meta-AnalysisIn addition, it is necessary to unveil the risk factors promoting dementia in order to develop preventive strategies.4Sbai Oualid (2026)The Role of Polyphenols on Cognitive Function and Dementia Through Gut–Microbiota–Brain Axis Modulation: A Narrative Review
Cocoa Flavanol Memory Meta-AnalysisDementia affects approximately 55 million individuals worldwide, and its prevalence is expected to rise up to 131.5 million by 2050, representing a major global health challenge [,].4Sbai Oualid (2026)The Role of Polyphenols on Cognitive Function and Dementia Through Gut–Microbiota–Brain Axis Modulation: A Narrative Review
topicCocoa Flavanol Memory Meta-Analysis
claim6 2,7–9 10 11 12 13 Although amyloid-beta and tau hypotheses have been the primary hypotheses in the underlying pathogenesis of AD, emerging evidence suggests that amyloidegenesis can be exacerbated by oxidative stress, leading to AD development and progression [].
evidence level3
citationZainuddin Muhammad-Safuan (2026)
sourceOxidative stress biomarkers and flavonoids in Alzheimer's disease: current clinical evidence and therapeutic perspectives
topicCocoa Flavanol Memory Meta-Analysis
claimGrowing evidence suggests that oxidative stress and impairment of innate antioxidative defence may precede the pathological features of AD and clinical manifestations [,].
evidence level3
citationZainuddin Muhammad-Safuan (2026)
sourceOxidative stress biomarkers and flavonoids in Alzheimer's disease: current clinical evidence and therapeutic perspectives
topicCocoa Flavanol Memory Meta-Analysis
claimTherefore, this review aims to highlight evidence of oxidative biomarkers across different specimens, including post-mortem brain and biofluids in AD patients compared to the healthy population.
evidence level3
citationZainuddin Muhammad-Safuan (2026)
sourceOxidative stress biomarkers and flavonoids in Alzheimer's disease: current clinical evidence and therapeutic perspectives
topicCocoa Flavanol Memory Meta-Analysis
claim1 1 2 1 3 4 5 Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prominent age-related neurodegenerative disease in the world [].
evidence level3
citationZainuddin Muhammad-Safuan (2026)
sourceOxidative stress biomarkers and flavonoids in Alzheimer's disease: current clinical evidence and therapeutic perspectives
topicCocoa Flavanol Memory Meta-Analysis
claim1 2 3 3 3 4 5 6 The characteristics of dementia syndrome are cognitive dysfunction, including memory loss, reduced executive functions, language impairment, and affected performance in daily life activities [].
evidence level4
citationSbai Oualid (2026)
sourceThe Role of Polyphenols on Cognitive Function and Dementia Through Gut–Microbiota–Brain Axis Modulation: A Narrative Review
topicCocoa Flavanol Memory Meta-Analysis
claimNotably, about 70% of older people are living in low–middle income countries [], representing a significant economic weight associated with medical costs for health systems [].
evidence level4
citationSbai Oualid (2026)
sourceThe Role of Polyphenols on Cognitive Function and Dementia Through Gut–Microbiota–Brain Axis Modulation: A Narrative Review
topicCocoa Flavanol Memory Meta-Analysis
claimIn addition, it is necessary to unveil the risk factors promoting dementia in order to develop preventive strategies.
evidence level4
citationSbai Oualid (2026)
sourceThe Role of Polyphenols on Cognitive Function and Dementia Through Gut–Microbiota–Brain Axis Modulation: A Narrative Review
topicCocoa Flavanol Memory Meta-Analysis
claimDementia affects approximately 55 million individuals worldwide, and its prevalence is expected to rise up to 131.5 million by 2050, representing a major global health challenge [,].
evidence level4
citationSbai Oualid (2026)
sourceThe Role of Polyphenols on Cognitive Function and Dementia Through Gut–Microbiota–Brain Axis Modulation: A Narrative Review

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Source documents

  1. Oxidative stress biomarkers and flavonoids in Alzheimer's disease: current clinical evidence and therapeutic perspectives
  2. The Role of Polyphenols on Cognitive Function and Dementia Through Gut–Microbiota–Brain Axis Modulation: A Narrative Review