evidence table

Citrus Bergamot Cholesterol Meta-Analysis Evidence Table

Structured evidence table for Citrus Bergamot Cholesterol Meta-Analysis, generated from 2 reusable source documents in the Migaku knowledge base.

topicclaimevidence levelcitationsource
Citrus Bergamot Cholesterol Meta-AnalysisEpidemiological studies indicate that CRS affects a substantial proportion of patients, with an estimated prevalence of up to 0.4% in the general population and 2–3% in individuals with diabetes and heart failure, and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality [,].3Carollo Caterina (2026)Nature’s Bioactives in Cardiorenal Syndrome: Polyphenols at the Crossroads—Preclinical Insights into Redox, Inflammation, and Mitochondrial Protection
Citrus Bergamot Cholesterol Meta-AnalysisMost preclinical studies investigating polyphenolic interventions have focused on type IV and type V CRS, particularly diabetes-induced chronic kidney disease with associated cardiovascular dysfunction [,].3Carollo Caterina (2026)Nature’s Bioactives in Cardiorenal Syndrome: Polyphenols at the Crossroads—Preclinical Insights into Redox, Inflammation, and Mitochondrial Protection
Citrus Bergamot Cholesterol Meta-AnalysisSpecifically, gut dysbiosis leads to an increased intestinal permeability (leaky gut), allowing the translocation of microbiota-derived uremic toxins (such as p-cresyl sulfate and TMAO) into the systemic circulation [,].3Carollo Caterina (2026)Nature’s Bioactives in Cardiorenal Syndrome: Polyphenols at the Crossroads—Preclinical Insights into Redox, Inflammation, and Mitochondrial Protection
Citrus Bergamot Cholesterol Meta-Analysis1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 1 2 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 Figure 1 Cardiorenal syndromes (CRS) describe the complex bidirectional interaction between the heart and the kidneys, whereby acute or chronic dysfunction of one organ induces structural and functional impairment of the other [].3Carollo Caterina (2026)Nature’s Bioactives in Cardiorenal Syndrome: Polyphenols at the Crossroads—Preclinical Insights into Redox, Inflammation, and Mitochondrial Protection
Citrus Bergamot Cholesterol Meta-AnalysisCardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death worldwide, with elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) as a major risk factor.3Jacobo-Velázquez DA (2025)Functional Foods for Cholesterol Management: A Review of the Mechanisms, Efficacy, and a Novel Cholesterol-Lowering Capacity Index.
Citrus Bergamot Cholesterol Meta-AnalysisBuilding on these strategies, the CLCI is then proposed as a practical scoring system, analogous to the glycemic index for blood sugar, that integrates the evidence-based potency of ingredients, effective dosing, and synergistic interactions into a single metric.3Jacobo-Velázquez DA (2025)Functional Foods for Cholesterol Management: A Review of the Mechanisms, Efficacy, and a Novel Cholesterol-Lowering Capacity Index.
Citrus Bergamot Cholesterol Meta-AnalysisBeyond medications, dietary interventions and functional foods offer significant cholesterol-lowering potential.3Jacobo-Velázquez DA (2025)Functional Foods for Cholesterol Management: A Review of the Mechanisms, Efficacy, and a Novel Cholesterol-Lowering Capacity Index.
topicCitrus Bergamot Cholesterol Meta-Analysis
claimEpidemiological studies indicate that CRS affects a substantial proportion of patients, with an estimated prevalence of up to 0.4% in the general population and 2–3% in individuals with diabetes and heart failure, and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality [,].
evidence level3
citationCarollo Caterina (2026)
sourceNature’s Bioactives in Cardiorenal Syndrome: Polyphenols at the Crossroads—Preclinical Insights into Redox, Inflammation, and Mitochondrial Protection
topicCitrus Bergamot Cholesterol Meta-Analysis
claimMost preclinical studies investigating polyphenolic interventions have focused on type IV and type V CRS, particularly diabetes-induced chronic kidney disease with associated cardiovascular dysfunction [,].
evidence level3
citationCarollo Caterina (2026)
sourceNature’s Bioactives in Cardiorenal Syndrome: Polyphenols at the Crossroads—Preclinical Insights into Redox, Inflammation, and Mitochondrial Protection
topicCitrus Bergamot Cholesterol Meta-Analysis
claimSpecifically, gut dysbiosis leads to an increased intestinal permeability (leaky gut), allowing the translocation of microbiota-derived uremic toxins (such as p-cresyl sulfate and TMAO) into the systemic circulation [,].
evidence level3
citationCarollo Caterina (2026)
sourceNature’s Bioactives in Cardiorenal Syndrome: Polyphenols at the Crossroads—Preclinical Insights into Redox, Inflammation, and Mitochondrial Protection
topicCitrus Bergamot Cholesterol Meta-Analysis
claim1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 1 2 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 Figure 1 Cardiorenal syndromes (CRS) describe the complex bidirectional interaction between the heart and the kidneys, whereby acute or chronic dysfunction of one organ induces structural and functional impairment of the other [].
evidence level3
citationCarollo Caterina (2026)
sourceNature’s Bioactives in Cardiorenal Syndrome: Polyphenols at the Crossroads—Preclinical Insights into Redox, Inflammation, and Mitochondrial Protection
topicCitrus Bergamot Cholesterol Meta-Analysis
claimCardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death worldwide, with elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) as a major risk factor.
evidence level3
citationJacobo-Velázquez DA (2025)
sourceFunctional Foods for Cholesterol Management: A Review of the Mechanisms, Efficacy, and a Novel Cholesterol-Lowering Capacity Index.
topicCitrus Bergamot Cholesterol Meta-Analysis
claimBuilding on these strategies, the CLCI is then proposed as a practical scoring system, analogous to the glycemic index for blood sugar, that integrates the evidence-based potency of ingredients, effective dosing, and synergistic interactions into a single metric.
evidence level3
citationJacobo-Velázquez DA (2025)
sourceFunctional Foods for Cholesterol Management: A Review of the Mechanisms, Efficacy, and a Novel Cholesterol-Lowering Capacity Index.
topicCitrus Bergamot Cholesterol Meta-Analysis
claimBeyond medications, dietary interventions and functional foods offer significant cholesterol-lowering potential.
evidence level3
citationJacobo-Velázquez DA (2025)
sourceFunctional Foods for Cholesterol Management: A Review of the Mechanisms, Efficacy, and a Novel Cholesterol-Lowering Capacity Index.

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Source documents

  1. Nature’s Bioactives in Cardiorenal Syndrome: Polyphenols at the Crossroads—Preclinical Insights into Redox, Inflammation, and Mitochondrial Protection
  2. Functional Foods for Cholesterol Management: A Review of the Mechanisms, Efficacy, and a Novel Cholesterol-Lowering Capacity Index.