topicCitrus Bergamot Blood Glucose Meta-Analysis
claim1 2 3 Obesity is a multifactorial disease defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that presents a risk to health because it is a major risk factor for several noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and several types of cancer [].
evidence level1
citationPujia Carmelo (2026)
sourceEffect of
Citrus bergamia
Supplementation on Body Composition in Humans: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
topicCitrus Bergamot Blood Glucose Meta-Analysis
claimFurthermore, obesity and its associated health problems have a significant economic impact on the global healthcare system [,].
evidence level1
citationPujia Carmelo (2026)
sourceEffect of
Citrus bergamia
Supplementation on Body Composition in Humans: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
topicCitrus Bergamot Blood Glucose Meta-Analysis
claimIt is well known that a weight loss of between 5% and 10% is sufficient to achieve clinically significant improvements in health risk factors [].
evidence level1
citationPujia Carmelo (2026)
sourceEffect of
Citrus bergamia
Supplementation on Body Composition in Humans: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
topicCitrus Bergamot Blood Glucose Meta-Analysis
claimIt is a major public health concern that has reached pandemic proportions worldwide.
evidence level1
citationPujia Carmelo (2026)
sourceEffect of
Citrus bergamia
Supplementation on Body Composition in Humans: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
topicCitrus Bergamot Blood Glucose Meta-Analysis
claimEpidemiological studies indicate that CRS affects a substantial proportion of patients, with an estimated prevalence of up to 0.4% in the general population and 2–3% in individuals with diabetes and heart failure, and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality [,].
evidence level3
citationCarollo Caterina (2026)
sourceNature’s Bioactives in Cardiorenal Syndrome: Polyphenols at the Crossroads—Preclinical Insights into Redox, Inflammation, and Mitochondrial Protection
topicCitrus Bergamot Blood Glucose Meta-Analysis
claimMost preclinical studies investigating polyphenolic interventions have focused on type IV and type V CRS, particularly diabetes-induced chronic kidney disease with associated cardiovascular dysfunction [,].
evidence level3
citationCarollo Caterina (2026)
sourceNature’s Bioactives in Cardiorenal Syndrome: Polyphenols at the Crossroads—Preclinical Insights into Redox, Inflammation, and Mitochondrial Protection
topicCitrus Bergamot Blood Glucose Meta-Analysis
claimSpecifically, gut dysbiosis leads to an increased intestinal permeability (leaky gut), allowing the translocation of microbiota-derived uremic toxins (such as p-cresyl sulfate and TMAO) into the systemic circulation [,].
evidence level3
citationCarollo Caterina (2026)
sourceNature’s Bioactives in Cardiorenal Syndrome: Polyphenols at the Crossroads—Preclinical Insights into Redox, Inflammation, and Mitochondrial Protection
topicCitrus Bergamot Blood Glucose Meta-Analysis
claim1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 1 2 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 Figure 1 Cardiorenal syndromes (CRS) describe the complex bidirectional interaction between the heart and the kidneys, whereby acute or chronic dysfunction of one organ induces structural and functional impairment of the other [].
evidence level3
citationCarollo Caterina (2026)
sourceNature’s Bioactives in Cardiorenal Syndrome: Polyphenols at the Crossroads—Preclinical Insights into Redox, Inflammation, and Mitochondrial Protection