topicCitrulline Performance Meta-Analysis
claimFor example, citrulline supplementation has been reported to improve cycling time-trial performance and oxygen uptake kinetics [,], while acute CM ingestion has also been associated with improved resistance exercise performance and reduced ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) [,].
evidence level2
citationYamanaka Ryo (2026)
sourceEffects of Acute Citrulline Malate Supplementation on Repeated 100 m Sprint Performance in Trained Sprinters: A Randomized Crossover Study
topicCitrulline Performance Meta-Analysis
claimFor example, creatine-based supplementation has improved repeated sprint performance in some treadmill- and field-based protocols [,], whereas interventions targeting related nitric oxide pathways do not necessarily enhance anaerobic performance in trained athletes [].
evidence level2
citationYamanaka Ryo (2026)
sourceEffects of Acute Citrulline Malate Supplementation on Repeated 100 m Sprint Performance in Trained Sprinters: A Randomized Crossover Study
topicCitrulline Performance Meta-Analysis
claimHowever, evidence regarding the effects of CM on true maximal sprint performance remains limited.
evidence level2
citationYamanaka Ryo (2026)
sourceEffects of Acute Citrulline Malate Supplementation on Repeated 100 m Sprint Performance in Trained Sprinters: A Randomized Crossover Study
topicCitrulline Performance Meta-Analysis
claim1 2 Short-distance sprint performance is influenced by both energetic and intramuscular factors.
evidence level2
citationYamanaka Ryo (2026)
sourceEffects of Acute Citrulline Malate Supplementation on Repeated 100 m Sprint Performance in Trained Sprinters: A Randomized Crossover Study
topicCitrulline Performance Meta-Analysis
claimThis narrative review synthesizes evidence on naturally derived compounds that influence these pathways, including guayusa, guarana, Alpinia galanga , theobromine, L-citrulline, beetroot extract, cordyceps, and niacin, as well as natural sweeteners such as monk fruit and stevia.
evidence level4
citationPanda R (2026)
sourceSynergistic Actions of Natural Compounds for Enhancing Cognitive and Physical Performance: A Narrative Review.
topicCitrulline Performance Meta-Analysis
claimEvidence suggests that these agents may support cognitive performance, oxygen efficiency, vascular perfusion, and cellular energy capacity through mechanisms distinct from those of traditional energy drinks.
evidence level4
citationPanda R (2026)
sourceSynergistic Actions of Natural Compounds for Enhancing Cognitive and Physical Performance: A Narrative Review.
topicCitrulline Performance Meta-Analysis
claimEnergy drinks are widely consumed for cognitive and physical enhancement, yet most commercial formulations rely on a narrow mechanism: rapid stimulation from synthetic caffeine combined with artificial sweeteners.
evidence level4
citationPanda R (2026)
sourceSynergistic Actions of Natural Compounds for Enhancing Cognitive and Physical Performance: A Narrative Review.
topicCitrulline Performance Meta-Analysis
claimThis stimulant-centric strategy overlooks the multidimensional physiology underlying sustained human energy, which emerges from interactions among neurocognitive activation, nitric oxide-mediated vascular function, mitochondrial ATP production, and metabolic homeostasis.
evidence level4
citationPanda R (2026)
sourceSynergistic Actions of Natural Compounds for Enhancing Cognitive and Physical Performance: A Narrative Review.