topicCitrulline Muscle Soreness Randomized Trial
claimThis involves addressing the effects of high‐intensity exercise, including increased glycolysis, blood lactate accumulation, fatigue, muscle soreness, local inflammation, and oxidative stress (MacIntyre et al. ; Mutch and Banister ; Zerba et al. ).
evidence level2
citationNorouzzadeh Mostafa (2025)
sourceThe Effects of Watermelon Juice on Muscle Hypertrophy, Exercise Performance, and Muscle Soreness in Non‐Athlete Men Undergoing Endurance Training: A Randomized Controlled Trial
topicCitrulline Muscle Soreness Randomized Trial
claimStudies have indicated that supplementation with watermelon juice before exercise in male runners resulted in improved exercise strength, reduced perceived exertion and muscle soreness after exercise, and decreased plasma lactate concentrations in resistance‐trained males (Martínez‐Sánchez, Alacid, et al. ; Martínez‐Sánchez, Ramos‐Campo, et al. ).
evidence level2
citationNorouzzadeh Mostafa (2025)
sourceThe Effects of Watermelon Juice on Muscle Hypertrophy, Exercise Performance, and Muscle Soreness in Non‐Athlete Men Undergoing Endurance Training: A Randomized Controlled Trial
topicCitrulline Muscle Soreness Randomized Trial
claimshowed that acute watermelon juice (1.2 g of L‐citrulline) or enriched watermelon juice (6 g L‐citrulline) supplementation reduced muscle soreness but did not improve performance in untrained individuals (Tarazona‐Díaz et al. ).
evidence level2
citationNorouzzadeh Mostafa (2025)
sourceThe Effects of Watermelon Juice on Muscle Hypertrophy, Exercise Performance, and Muscle Soreness in Non‐Athlete Men Undergoing Endurance Training: A Randomized Controlled Trial
topicCitrulline Muscle Soreness Randomized Trial
claim2016 1996 1983 1990 1991 2006 2002 Scientists are working towards developing a highly effective method to optimize exercise performance (Yan et al. ).
evidence level2
citationNorouzzadeh Mostafa (2025)
sourceThe Effects of Watermelon Juice on Muscle Hypertrophy, Exercise Performance, and Muscle Soreness in Non‐Athlete Men Undergoing Endurance Training: A Randomized Controlled Trial
topicCitrulline Muscle Soreness Randomized Trial
claimNext, we integrate evidence on the ergogenic effects of various dietary interventions with existing knowledge on the perception of effort.
evidence level4
citationStrasser B (2026)
sourceDietary interventions interact with the perception of effort and enhance endurance performance: a brief narrative review.
topicCitrulline Muscle Soreness Randomized Trial
claimBeta-alanine, caffeine or carbohydrate mouth rinsing are examples of evidence-based ergogenic aids.
evidence level4
citationStrasser B (2026)
sourceDietary interventions interact with the perception of effort and enhance endurance performance: a brief narrative review.
topicCitrulline Muscle Soreness Randomized Trial
claimConclusion While current evidence supports a key role for dietary interventions on endurance performance by influencing individuals' perceived effort, more research is needed to determine the optimal doses and precise formulations for different sports, in order to employ a personalized strategy.
evidence level4
citationStrasser B (2026)
sourceDietary interventions interact with the perception of effort and enhance endurance performance: a brief narrative review.
topicCitrulline Muscle Soreness Randomized Trial
claimBackground Exercise tolerance is a pivotal factor in determining athletic competitive success, as well as mobility and quality of life in elderly individuals and those afflicted by chronic ailments.
evidence level4
citationStrasser B (2026)
sourceDietary interventions interact with the perception of effort and enhance endurance performance: a brief narrative review.