topicCitrulline Malate Resistance Exercise Randomized Trial
claimInterpretation is further complicated by previous evidence syntheses that pooled studies of pure L-citrulline with CM, thereby limiting conclusions specific to CM supplementation [,,].
evidence level1
citationWang Xuexiang (2026)
sourceEffects of Citrulline Malate Supplementation on Exercise Performance: A Systematic Review and Three-Level Meta-Analysis
topicCitrulline Malate Resistance Exercise Randomized Trial
claimIn contrast, Aguiar & Casonatto (2022) [] focused exclusively on maximal muscular strength in resistance-trained adults incorporating four trials without distinguishing between acute and chronic supplementation protocols, and found no performance benefits.
evidence level1
citationWang Xuexiang (2026)
sourceEffects of Citrulline Malate Supplementation on Exercise Performance: A Systematic Review and Three-Level Meta-Analysis
topicCitrulline Malate Resistance Exercise Randomized Trial
claimThese reviews therefore reach divergent conclusions and each addresses only a narrow aspect of the available evidence [].
evidence level1
citationWang Xuexiang (2026)
sourceEffects of Citrulline Malate Supplementation on Exercise Performance: A Systematic Review and Three-Level Meta-Analysis
topicCitrulline Malate Resistance Exercise Randomized Trial
claim1 2 3 4 5 6 2 Citrulline malate (CM) is a popular dietary supplement marketed as an ergogenic aid for exercise performance [].
evidence level1
citationWang Xuexiang (2026)
sourceEffects of Citrulline Malate Supplementation on Exercise Performance: A Systematic Review and Three-Level Meta-Analysis
topicCitrulline Malate Resistance Exercise Randomized Trial
claimThese changes include endothelial dysfunction, reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, increased arterial stiffness, loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, and unfavorable shifts in body composition (Cauley, Albu et al.).
evidence level3
citationChen Zhigang (2026)
sourceL-citrulline as a nitric oxide–modulating therapeutic adjunct to exercise: effects on vascular function, arterial stiffness, and cardiometabolic health in postmenopausal and older women
topicCitrulline Malate Resistance Exercise Randomized Trial
claimFrom a vascular perspective, postmenopausal women frequently exhibit impaired endothelial-dependent vasodilation and increased central arterial stiffness, both of which contribute to exaggerated blood pressure responses during daily physical activity (Moreau and Hildreth).
evidence level3
citationChen Zhigang (2026)
sourceL-citrulline as a nitric oxide–modulating therapeutic adjunct to exercise: effects on vascular function, arterial stiffness, and cardiometabolic health in postmenopausal and older women
topicCitrulline Malate Resistance Exercise Randomized Trial
claimReduced NO production, driven by diminished estrogen signaling and age-related endothelial dysfunction, plays a central role in these changes.
evidence level3
citationChen Zhigang (2026)
sourceL-citrulline as a nitric oxide–modulating therapeutic adjunct to exercise: effects on vascular function, arterial stiffness, and cardiometabolic health in postmenopausal and older women
topicCitrulline Malate Resistance Exercise Randomized Trial
claim2023 2012 2013 2003 2014 2009 2008 Menopause is the permanent cessation of menstrual cycles, typically occurring around 45–55 years of age, marking the end of a woman’s reproductive period.
evidence level3
citationChen Zhigang (2026)
sourceL-citrulline as a nitric oxide–modulating therapeutic adjunct to exercise: effects on vascular function, arterial stiffness, and cardiometabolic health in postmenopausal and older women