topicCinnamon Weight Meta-Analysis
claimNational dietary guidelines from several countries (eg, the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia) recommend the consumption of spices to lower sodium intake.The National Institutes of Health (NIH)–funded Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) healthy eating plan replaces salt with spices and herbs as a means to lower blood pressure without medication.
evidence level3
citationDiacova Tatiana (2026)
sourceSpices Beyond Antioxidants: From the Gut to the Brain
topicCinnamon Weight Meta-Analysis
claimIt was also demonstrated that salt intake was associated with regional metabolic activity in the insula and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) areas of the brain.The administration of capsaicin (chili pepper) in the Li et al.
evidence level3
citationDiacova Tatiana (2026)
sourceSpices Beyond Antioxidants: From the Gut to the Brain
topicCinnamon Weight Meta-Analysis
claim(2013) To investigate whether spice (poly)phenols reduce GI and systemic formation of cytotoxic lipid peroxidation products and increase NO formation, thereby leading to improved endothelial vascular function n  = 11 men with type 2 diabetes RCT 2 test meals, 1 wk apart  Zhang et al.
evidence level3
citationDiacova Tatiana (2026)
sourceSpices Beyond Antioxidants: From the Gut to the Brain
topicCinnamon Weight Meta-Analysis
claimHerbs and spices have been used in various countries around the world for centuries.
evidence level3
citationDiacova Tatiana (2026)
sourceSpices Beyond Antioxidants: From the Gut to the Brain
topicCinnamon Weight Meta-Analysis
claimDietary supplements may contain multiple ingredients, and differences are often found between labeled and actual ingredients or their amounts.
evidence level4
citationAnise (2026)
sourceAnise
topicCinnamon Weight Meta-Analysis
claimAnise (Pimpinella anisum) seeds contain anethole, which is a phytoestrogen as well as chlorogenic acid, naringenin, gallic acid, ellagic acid, taxifolin, coffeic acid, syringic acid, eugenol, trans-anethole, cis-anethole, methylchavicol, anisaldehyde, estragole, anisketone, linalool, coumarins, catechins, scopeletin, umbelliferone, estrols, and beta-farnesene.
evidence level4
citationAnise (2026)
sourceAnise
topicCinnamon Weight Meta-Analysis
claimAnise is a purported galactogogue,[1-7] and is included in some proprietary mixtures promoted to increase milk supply; however, few scientifically valid clinical trials support this use.
evidence level4
citationAnise (2026)
sourceAnise