topicCholine Cognitive Performance Meta-Analysis
claim1 2 3 , Schizophrenia is characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thoughts, and cognitive dysfunction, with an estimated lifetime prevalence of 7.49 per 1000 people.The underlying pathophysiology is complex, with no single mechanism explaining the range of associated biological and behavioral abnormalities.
evidence level1
citationFanshawe Jack B (2026)
sourceVariability and Magnitude of Choline Levels Across the Psychosis Spectrum: A Meta-analysis
topicCholine Cognitive Performance Meta-Analysis
claimEvidence from functionalH-MRS has highlighted changes in choline concentrations during cognitive tests thought to induce cholinergic signaling;H-MRS signal also strongly correlates with free choline but not membrane-bound phosphtidylcholine.
evidence level1
citationFanshawe Jack B (2026)
sourceVariability and Magnitude of Choline Levels Across the Psychosis Spectrum: A Meta-analysis
topicCholine Cognitive Performance Meta-Analysis
claimWhile there are few PET studies, these have suggested reduced muscarinic receptor availability in schizophrenia.WhilstH-MRS cannot directly quantify receptors, unlike PET it is non-invasive and is economically more viable, lending it potential to provide information regarding the cholinergic system across psychosis spectrum disorders.
evidence level1
citationFanshawe Jack B (2026)
sourceVariability and Magnitude of Choline Levels Across the Psychosis Spectrum: A Meta-analysis
topicCholine Cognitive Performance Meta-Analysis
claim1 4 Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H-MRS) enables the in vivo quantification of various metabolites in the brain.Its non-invasive nature, and suitability for both patient and preclinical studies, lends it potential as a translational biomarker for pathophysiological research and drug target development.
evidence level1
citationFanshawe Jack B (2026)
sourceVariability and Magnitude of Choline Levels Across the Psychosis Spectrum: A Meta-analysis
topicCholine Cognitive Performance Meta-Analysis
claimIt is commonly defined as the presence of clinically relevant depressive symptoms that do not meet the full diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder (MDD) yet are associated with measurable distress and functional impairment [,].
evidence level4
citationFleishhacker Filippo (2026)
sourceCholine Alfoscerate in the Treatment of Subthreshold Depression in the Elderly: A Pilot Study (CARTESIO)
topicCholine Cognitive Performance Meta-Analysis
claimRecent meta-analytic evidence indicates that subthreshold depressive symptoms affect nearly 15–20% of older individuals, with higher prevalence rates observed in primary care and institutional settings [,].
evidence level4
citationFleishhacker Filippo (2026)
sourceCholine Alfoscerate in the Treatment of Subthreshold Depression in the Elderly: A Pilot Study (CARTESIO)
topicCholine Cognitive Performance Meta-Analysis
claimImportantly, SD is not a benign condition; rather, it represents a clinically meaningful syndrome associated with increased morbidity and reduced quality of life [].
evidence level4
citationFleishhacker Filippo (2026)
sourceCholine Alfoscerate in the Treatment of Subthreshold Depression in the Elderly: A Pilot Study (CARTESIO)
topicCholine Cognitive Performance Meta-Analysis
claim1 2 3 4 5 6 Subthreshold depression (SD) is a highly prevalent and clinically significant condition among older adults.
evidence level4
citationFleishhacker Filippo (2026)
sourceCholine Alfoscerate in the Treatment of Subthreshold Depression in the Elderly: A Pilot Study (CARTESIO)