topicCarnosine Sleep Randomized Trial
claimMental fatigue is a psychobiological state caused by prolonged periods of demanding cognitive activity that affects many aspects of daily life.
evidence level2
citationShimomasuda M (2026)
sourceEffects of a single dose of L-histidine on mental fatigue and vigor in participants with high fatigue levels: a randomized controlled trial.
topicCarnosine Sleep Randomized Trial
claimTwo weeks of L-histidine daily ingestion in humans significantly improves mood states compared with a placebo; however, the effects of a single dose are unknown.
evidence level2
citationShimomasuda M (2026)
sourceEffects of a single dose of L-histidine on mental fatigue and vigor in participants with high fatigue levels: a randomized controlled trial.
topicCarnosine Sleep Randomized Trial
claimIndividuals with T2DM have a higher risk of mental health disorders (Arias et al. ; Deshpande et al. ; Ducat et al. ), with the prevalence of depression reported to be two‐fold higher in those with T2DM compared with the general population (Roy and Lloyd ).
evidence level2
citationKabthymer Robel Hussen (2026)
sourceThe Effect of Carnosine Supplementation on Depressive Symptoms and Health‐Related Quality of Life in Individuals With Prediabetes and Well‐Controlled Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial
topicCarnosine Sleep Randomized Trial
claimSimilarly, the prevalence of depression is moderately increased in individuals with prediabetes compared with their normo‐glycaemic counterparts (Chen et al. ).
evidence level2
citationKabthymer Robel Hussen (2026)
sourceThe Effect of Carnosine Supplementation on Depressive Symptoms and Health‐Related Quality of Life in Individuals With Prediabetes and Well‐Controlled Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial
topicCarnosine Sleep Randomized Trial
claimThis increased risk may be partly due to diabetes‐related distress, which affects a large proportion of this population and can contribute to depressive symptoms (Perrin et al. ).
evidence level2
citationKabthymer Robel Hussen (2026)
sourceThe Effect of Carnosine Supplementation on Depressive Symptoms and Health‐Related Quality of Life in Individuals With Prediabetes and Well‐Controlled Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial
topicCarnosine Sleep Randomized Trial
claim2021 2023 2019 2023 2022 Globally, approximately half a billion individuals live with diabetes, with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) accounting for 90% of the disease burden (IDF ).
evidence level2
citationKabthymer Robel Hussen (2026)
sourceThe Effect of Carnosine Supplementation on Depressive Symptoms and Health‐Related Quality of Life in Individuals With Prediabetes and Well‐Controlled Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial