topicCarnitine Mood Randomized Trial
claimbecause of evidence of its use by athletes with the intention of enhancing performance The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) classified Meldonium as a prohibited substance effective January 1, 2016.
evidence level4
citationMalm Christer (2026)
sourceMeldonium and human sport performance: a narrative review evaluating the evidence for ergogenic potential
topicCarnitine Mood Randomized Trial
claimThe decision to move Meldonium from the Monitoring program to the Prohibited list was made “…” (WADA 2016 Prohibited List, 16 September 2015), rather than robust scientific evidence demonstrating actual performance enhancement.
evidence level4
citationMalm Christer (2026)
sourceMeldonium and human sport performance: a narrative review evaluating the evidence for ergogenic potential
topicCarnitine Mood Randomized Trial
claimTo date, scientific consensus on Meldonium’s ergogenic effects in humans remains inconclusive, prompting a need for a critical evaluation of the existing evidence hierarchy.
evidence level4
citationMalm Christer (2026)
sourceMeldonium and human sport performance: a narrative review evaluating the evidence for ergogenic potential
topicCarnitine Mood Randomized Trial
claim1 2 β While Western countries commonly refer to substances like Meldonium as “metabolic modulators,” in Eastern countries, they are frequently classified as “antihypoxic agents” ().
evidence level4
citationMalm Christer (2026)
sourceMeldonium and human sport performance: a narrative review evaluating the evidence for ergogenic potential