Structured evidence table for Calcium Kidney Stones Meta-Analysis, generated from 2 reusable source documents in the Migaku knowledge base.
| topic | claim | evidence level | citation | source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Calcium Kidney Stones Meta-Analysis | Introduction Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) increases the risk of renal stones and progressive renal dysfunction. | 1 | Jay M (2026) | Effect of parathyroidectomy versus non-surgical management on renal outcomes in primary hyperparathyroidism: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. |
| Calcium Kidney Stones Meta-Analysis | Two reviewers will independently screen records, extract data and assess risk of bias (Cochrane Risk-of-Bias 2 and Risk Of Bias In Non-randomised Studies of Interventions). | 1 | Jay M (2026) | Effect of parathyroidectomy versus non-surgical management on renal outcomes in primary hyperparathyroidism: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. |
| Calcium Kidney Stones Meta-Analysis | Publication bias will be assessed using appropriate quantitative or qualitative methods based on the available evidence. | 1 | Jay M (2026) | Effect of parathyroidectomy versus non-surgical management on renal outcomes in primary hyperparathyroidism: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. |
| Calcium Kidney Stones Meta-Analysis | Parathyroidectomy is recommended for patients with renal involvement, yet whether surgery improves renal outcomes compared with non-surgical management remains unclear. | 1 | Jay M (2026) | Effect of parathyroidectomy versus non-surgical management on renal outcomes in primary hyperparathyroidism: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. |
| Calcium Kidney Stones Meta-Analysis | Traditional risk factors for calcium oxalate urolithiasis include high oxalate intake (e.g. | 3 | Pang Shuo (2026) | The gut–kidney microbiome–oxalate axis in calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis: mechanisms and microbiome-based interventions |
| Calcium Kidney Stones Meta-Analysis | However, the precise mechanisms linking these risk factors to stone formation remain incompletely understood (). | 3 | Pang Shuo (2026) | The gut–kidney microbiome–oxalate axis in calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis: mechanisms and microbiome-based interventions |
| Calcium Kidney Stones Meta-Analysis | Today, emerging evidence indicates a much broader “gut–kidney axis” whereby intestinal microbes affect systemic metabolism and urinary composition, thus modulating kidney stone risk (). | 3 | Pang Shuo (2026) | The gut–kidney microbiome–oxalate axis in calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis: mechanisms and microbiome-based interventions |
| Calcium Kidney Stones Meta-Analysis | Wang et al., 2021 Miller et al., 2022 Wang et al., 2021 Miller et al., 2022 Sadaf et al., 2017 Assimos, 2012 Tian et al., 2022 Shen et al., 2021 Nephrolithiasis (kidney stone disease) is a common and recurrent condition affecting approximately 10% of the global population, with incidence rising in parallel with lifestyle diseases such as obesity and metabolic syndrome (;). | 3 | Pang Shuo (2026) | The gut–kidney microbiome–oxalate axis in calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis: mechanisms and microbiome-based interventions |
Source documents