topicBroccoli Sprout Blood Glucose Meta-Analysis
claimAlmost all of the more than 80 studies addressing SF synergies provide evidence in cell lines or animal models, with many of them utilizing the gold-standard Chou–Talalay method [,] to quantify synergy, rather than merely asserting it without quantitative support.
evidence level3
citationFahey Jed W. (2026)
sourceSulforaphane Synergies with Phytochemicals and Pharmaceuticals: Implications for Healthspan †
topicBroccoli Sprout Blood Glucose Meta-Analysis
claimAs a result, it is difficult to determine which findings are broadly reproducible, which are model-specific, and which combinations have the strongest translational rationale.
evidence level3
citationFahey Jed W. (2026)
sourceSulforaphane Synergies with Phytochemicals and Pharmaceuticals: Implications for Healthspan †
topicBroccoli Sprout Blood Glucose Meta-Analysis
claimHuman evidence also remains limited compared with the large preclinical literature, creating an important gap between mechanistic promise and clinical applicability.
evidence level3
citationFahey Jed W. (2026)
sourceSulforaphane Synergies with Phytochemicals and Pharmaceuticals: Implications for Healthspan †
topicBroccoli Sprout Blood Glucose Meta-Analysis
claim1 2 Supplemental Table S1 3 4 5 6 7 Sulforaphane (SF; 1-isothiocyanato-4-(methylsulfinyl)-butane) is generated when plant myrosinase acts on the glucosinolate glucoraphanin (GR), present at high concentration in broccoli sprouts and other cruciferous vegetables.
evidence level3
citationFahey Jed W. (2026)
sourceSulforaphane Synergies with Phytochemicals and Pharmaceuticals: Implications for Healthspan †
topicBroccoli Sprout Blood Glucose Meta-Analysis
claimBrassicaceae 1 2 Glucosinolates (GSLs) are a diverse group of β-thioglucoside N-hydroxysulphate secondary metabolites predominantly found in cruciferous vegetables (family), such as kale, broccoli, cauliflower, radishes, and mustards.
evidence level3
citationNarra Federica (2025)
sourceBioavailability, Human Metabolism, and Dietary Interventions of Glucosinolates and Isothiocyanates: Critical Insights and Future Perspectives
topicBroccoli Sprout Blood Glucose Meta-Analysis
claimTable 1 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 13 14 The primary and most abundant GSL found in plants is glucoraphanin (GR), which is derived from methionine.
evidence level3
citationNarra Federica (2025)
sourceBioavailability, Human Metabolism, and Dietary Interventions of Glucosinolates and Isothiocyanates: Critical Insights and Future Perspectives
topicBroccoli Sprout Blood Glucose Meta-Analysis
claimSFN is well known for activating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway, leading to increased cellular glutathione (GSH) levels and the induction of antioxidant enzymes [,].
evidence level3
citationNarra Federica (2025)
sourceBioavailability, Human Metabolism, and Dietary Interventions of Glucosinolates and Isothiocyanates: Critical Insights and Future Perspectives
topicBroccoli Sprout Blood Glucose Meta-Analysis
claimThese compounds are produced by plants in the order Brassicales and in some species of Malpighiales, which is an example of parallel evolution [].
evidence level3
citationNarra Federica (2025)
sourceBioavailability, Human Metabolism, and Dietary Interventions of Glucosinolates and Isothiocyanates: Critical Insights and Future Perspectives