topicBilberry Visual Performance Meta-Analysis
claimThis systematic review aimed to evaluate randomized controlled trial (RCT) evidence on the effects of carotenoids, anthocyanins, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and combined nutraceutical formulations on refractive outcomes, axial length, macular pigment optical density (MPOD), visual function, and symptoms of visual fatigue.
evidence level1
citationMartinez-Perez C (2025)
sourceNutritional Supplementation for Myopia Prevention and Control: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.
topicBilberry Visual Performance Meta-Analysis
claimEligible studies were RCTs involving individuals with myopia or at risk of myopia, comparing nutritional supplementation with placebo or active controls.
evidence level1
citationMartinez-Perez C (2025)
sourceNutritional Supplementation for Myopia Prevention and Control: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.
topicBilberry Visual Performance Meta-Analysis
claimTwo reviewers independently screened studies, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias using the Cochrane RoB 2 tool.
evidence level1
citationMartinez-Perez C (2025)
sourceNutritional Supplementation for Myopia Prevention and Control: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.
topicBilberry Visual Performance Meta-Analysis
claimBackground/objectives Nutritional supplementation has been proposed as a potential adjunct strategy in myopia prevention and control through antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and extracellular matrix-regulating mechanisms.
evidence level1
citationMartinez-Perez C (2025)
sourceNutritional Supplementation for Myopia Prevention and Control: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.
topicBilberry Visual Performance Meta-Analysis
claimThese products are commonly consumed for reasons including convenience, reduced sugar intake compared to whole-food alternatives, limited availability of specific foods, and individual dietary preferences.
evidence level4
citationKumkum Ravish (2026)
sourceAnthocyanin-Rich Pigment Supplements in the Australian Online Market: Sources, Labelling Practices, and Bioactivity Claims
topicBilberry Visual Performance Meta-Analysis
claimIn addition, available evidence suggests that anthocyanins are generally well tolerated, and human and animal intervention studies have not identified any major safety concerns at commonly studied doses [,].
evidence level4
citationKumkum Ravish (2026)
sourceAnthocyanin-Rich Pigment Supplements in the Australian Online Market: Sources, Labelling Practices, and Bioactivity Claims
topicBilberry Visual Performance Meta-Analysis
claimThe most common extract ratios were 4:1 and 10:1, primarily found in bilberry, elderberry, tart cherry, acai berry, cranberry, and hawthorn berry.
evidence level4
citationKumkum Ravish (2026)
sourceAnthocyanin-Rich Pigment Supplements in the Australian Online Market: Sources, Labelling Practices, and Bioactivity Claims
topicBilberry Visual Performance Meta-Analysis
claim1 2 1 Anthocyanins are naturally occurring, water-soluble polyphenolic pigments responsible for the bright red-orange to blue-violet colours observed in many plant-based foods, including fruits, vegetables, stems, leaves, and flowers [].
evidence level4
citationKumkum Ravish (2026)
sourceAnthocyanin-Rich Pigment Supplements in the Australian Online Market: Sources, Labelling Practices, and Bioactivity Claims