topicBeta Glucan Immune Meta-Analysis
claimNevertheless, some memory traits are found in organisms devoid of an adaptive immune system.
evidence level4
citationJarit-Cabanillas Aitor (2026)
sourceMetabolic support of trained immune responses in myeloid cells
topicBeta Glucan Immune Meta-Analysis
claimAmong these, microbe-associated molecular patterns, such as β-glucans from the yeast cell wall (), bacterial flagellin (), and muramyl dipeptide (), induce a trained phenotype in myeloid cells.
evidence level4
citationJarit-Cabanillas Aitor (2026)
sourceMetabolic support of trained immune responses in myeloid cells
topicBeta Glucan Immune Meta-Analysis
claimNevertheless, the epigenetic changes are not completely fixed within the first hours after the primary stimulation (), and changes in metabolism, such as increased glycolysis and production of intermediates like lactate, acetyl-CoA, and fumarate, can influence the activity of epigenetic enzymes (e.g.
evidence level4
citationJarit-Cabanillas Aitor (2026)
sourceMetabolic support of trained immune responses in myeloid cells
topicBeta Glucan Immune Meta-Analysis
claimInvertebrates, including earthworms, cockroaches, and corals, showed a form of innate immunological memory, exhibiting protection against reinfection, or accelerated rejection response upon subsequent exposure to the same foreign tissue in graft models (;;).
evidence level4
citationJarit-Cabanillas Aitor (2026)
sourceMetabolic support of trained immune responses in myeloid cells
topicBeta Glucan Immune Meta-Analysis
claimCould β-glucans enhance the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccine by inducing trained immunity and boosting neutralizing antibody production?
evidence level4
citationGolim M (2026)
sourceCould β-glucans enhance the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccine by inducing trained immunity and boosting neutralizing antibody production?