topicAstaxanthin Skin Hydration Meta-Analysis
claimAs for clinical studies, the intervention increased skin hydration (MD = 2.12, 95% CI [1.02; 3.21]) while decreased TEWL (MD = -0.68, 95% CI [-1.21; -0.16]).
evidence level1
citationLiang Y (2026)
sourceImpact of Antioxidant-Rich Whole Foods or Supplements on Skin Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Preclinical and Clinical Studies.
topicAstaxanthin Skin Hydration Meta-Analysis
claimConclusions Antioxidant-rich whole foods or supplements intake improved overall skin health and skin disorder conditions.
evidence level1
citationLiang Y (2026)
sourceImpact of Antioxidant-Rich Whole Foods or Supplements on Skin Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Preclinical and Clinical Studies.
topicAstaxanthin Skin Hydration Meta-Analysis
claimBackground Antioxidant supplements have been reported to confer benefits for skin health; however, these effects remain inconclusive and lack systematic evaluation.
evidence level1
citationLiang Y (2026)
sourceImpact of Antioxidant-Rich Whole Foods or Supplements on Skin Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Preclinical and Clinical Studies.
topicAstaxanthin Skin Hydration Meta-Analysis
claimMethods This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the impact of antioxidant-rich whole foods or supplements on various skin health outcomes by compiling data from five databases, including 94 eligible preclinical and clinical studies.
evidence level1
citationLiang Y (2026)
sourceImpact of Antioxidant-Rich Whole Foods or Supplements on Skin Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Preclinical and Clinical Studies.
topicAstaxanthin Skin Hydration Meta-Analysis
claimThis narrative review critically synthesizes current evidence on nutritional interventions that may be relevant to football performed in the heat, with emphasis on hydration and electrolyte replacement, carbohydrate-protein strategies, taurine, branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), creatine, menthol, antioxidant- and nitrate-related approaches, and selected multi-ingredient products.
evidence level4
citationDai X (2026)
sourceNutritional Strategies to Support Performance Maintenance and Recovery in Football Under Hot Environmental Conditions: A Narrative Review.
topicAstaxanthin Skin Hydration Meta-Analysis
claimBy contrast, evidence for BCAAs, antioxidants, nitrates, and caffeine as stand-alone heat strategies, as well as for many compound supplements, remains inconsistent, context-specific, or too indirect for strong football-specific endorsement.
evidence level4
citationDai X (2026)
sourceNutritional Strategies to Support Performance Maintenance and Recovery in Football Under Hot Environmental Conditions: A Narrative Review.
topicAstaxanthin Skin Hydration Meta-Analysis
claimOverall, the evidence base remains heterogeneous in study quality, protocol design, exercise mode, and sport specificity.
evidence level4
citationDai X (2026)
sourceNutritional Strategies to Support Performance Maintenance and Recovery in Football Under Hot Environmental Conditions: A Narrative Review.
topicAstaxanthin Skin Hydration Meta-Analysis
claimRising ambient temperatures and the increasing frequency of training and competition in hot climates have made heat stress a major challenge in football.
evidence level4
citationDai X (2026)
sourceNutritional Strategies to Support Performance Maintenance and Recovery in Football Under Hot Environmental Conditions: A Narrative Review.