topicAstaxanthin Cognition Meta-Analysis
claimImportantly, these biological changes manifest most meaningfully through declines in functional capacity, including reduced muscle strength, impaired metabolic regulation, diminished cognitive performance, and increased disease risk.
evidence level4
citationKurtz Jennifer A. (2026)
sourceTargeted Supplementation and Nutritional Strategies for Healthy Aging: A Review of Physiological and Molecular Benefits
topicAstaxanthin Cognition Meta-Analysis
claimThis article aims to synthesize evidence from human studies evaluating dietary supplements that directly or indirectly modulate the recognized hallmarks of aging, such as mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, and proteostasis.
evidence level4
citationKurtz Jennifer A. (2026)
sourceTargeted Supplementation and Nutritional Strategies for Healthy Aging: A Review of Physiological and Molecular Benefits
topicAstaxanthin Cognition Meta-Analysis
claimRather than providing an exhaustive account of all supplements ever studied, this review focuses on representative compounds with the strongest or most emerging human evidence.
evidence level4
citationKurtz Jennifer A. (2026)
sourceTargeted Supplementation and Nutritional Strategies for Healthy Aging: A Review of Physiological and Molecular Benefits
topicAstaxanthin Cognition Meta-Analysis
claimAging is a complex, multifaceted process marked by a gradual decline in physiological.
evidence level4
citationKurtz Jennifer A. (2026)
sourceTargeted Supplementation and Nutritional Strategies for Healthy Aging: A Review of Physiological and Molecular Benefits
topicAstaxanthin Cognition Meta-Analysis
claim1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 More than two billion people are at risk of micronutrient deficiencies, which often involve multiple, rather than single, nutrients [,].
evidence level4
citationMuacevic Alexander (2026)
sourceA to Z of Health: An Evidence-Based Narrative Review of Multivitamin-Multimineral and Nutraceutical Supplementation
topicAstaxanthin Cognition Meta-Analysis
claimThey are widely used to help individuals meet their daily nutrient requirements, support overall health, and address increased nutritional needs associated with pregnancy, aging, and illness.
evidence level4
citationMuacevic Alexander (2026)
sourceA to Z of Health: An Evidence-Based Narrative Review of Multivitamin-Multimineral and Nutraceutical Supplementation
topicAstaxanthin Cognition Meta-Analysis
claimAccording to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, MVM use in the USA increased from 35% in 1999-2000 [] to 49-52% between 2011 and 2014, with higher usage among women than men [-].
evidence level4
citationMuacevic Alexander (2026)
sourceA to Z of Health: An Evidence-Based Narrative Review of Multivitamin-Multimineral and Nutraceutical Supplementation
topicAstaxanthin Cognition Meta-Analysis
claimThe most common deficiencies include vitamin A, folic acid, vitamin D, iron, iodine, and zinc, especially among children and women in low- and middle-income countries [-].
evidence level4
citationMuacevic Alexander (2026)
sourceA to Z of Health: An Evidence-Based Narrative Review of Multivitamin-Multimineral and Nutraceutical Supplementation