evidence table

Apple Cider Vinegar Cholesterol Meta-Analysis Evidence Table

Structured evidence table for Apple Cider Vinegar Cholesterol Meta-Analysis, generated from 2 reusable source documents in the Migaku knowledge base.

topicclaimevidence levelcitationsource
Apple Cider Vinegar Cholesterol Meta-Analysis2022 2025 2022 2025 2018 2021 2025 2018 2021 2020 2022 2022 2022 2022 2022 2021 2020 2022 2021 2025 2025 2021 2022 2022 Nevertheless, evidence regarding vinegar's influence on glycemic control, lipid profiles, anthropometric indicators, and blood pressure is inconsistent (Fakhri et al. ; Keshani et al. ; Sohouli et al. ).2Shahmohammadi Forough (2026)Vinegar Consumption and Health: An Umbrella Review of Meta‐Analyses of Randomized Controlled Trials
Apple Cider Vinegar Cholesterol Meta-AnalysisSeveral meta‐analyses have reported significant improvements in FBG (Arjmandfard et al. ; Siddiqui et al. ), however, one meta‐analysis found no significant impact on healthy, overweight, or obese patients and metabolic conditions (Valdes et al. ).2Shahmohammadi Forough (2026)Vinegar Consumption and Health: An Umbrella Review of Meta‐Analyses of Randomized Controlled Trials
Apple Cider Vinegar Cholesterol Meta-AnalysisNevertheless, conflicting evidence suggests that there are no significant differences in HbA1C (Sohouli et al. ; Valdes et al. ), TG (Cheng et al. ; Sohouli et al. ), LDL (Hadi et al. ; Keshani et al. ), BMI (Keshani et al. ; Valdes et al. ), SBP (Fakhri et al. ), and DBP (Fakhri et al. ).2Shahmohammadi Forough (2026)Vinegar Consumption and Health: An Umbrella Review of Meta‐Analyses of Randomized Controlled Trials
Apple Cider Vinegar Cholesterol Meta-AnalysisAAB ACV AMPK AMSTAR BMI CI DBP FBG FPI GLP‐1 GLUT4 GRADE HbA1c HDL HOMA‐IR LDL MD PEPCK PPG PPI PRIOR PROSPERO PYY RAAS RCT RoB SBP SRMA T2DM TC TG WC 2016 2016 2008 2009 2014 2013 Vinegar is a naturally occurring food, primarily composed of acetic acid and bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, melanoidins, and organic acids (Chen et al. ; Samad et al. ).2Shahmohammadi Forough (2026)Vinegar Consumption and Health: An Umbrella Review of Meta‐Analyses of Randomized Controlled Trials
Apple Cider Vinegar Cholesterol Meta-AnalysisBackground Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of mortality globally, driven largely by modifiable risk factors, such as hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, and oxidative stress.4Ijaz R (2025)Role of vinegar in cardiovascular health: A narrative review.
Apple Cider Vinegar Cholesterol Meta-AnalysisConclusion This review underscores the potential of vinegar as a functional food with cardioprotective properties and advocates for further rigorous research to establish standardized dosing, isolate active constituents, and assess long-term outcomes in human populations.4Ijaz R (2025)Role of vinegar in cardiovascular health: A narrative review.
Apple Cider Vinegar Cholesterol Meta-AnalysisAs conventional pharmaceutical interventions often carry adverse effects and economic burdens, there is growing interest in alternative therapies.4Ijaz R (2025)Role of vinegar in cardiovascular health: A narrative review.
topicApple Cider Vinegar Cholesterol Meta-Analysis
claim2022 2025 2022 2025 2018 2021 2025 2018 2021 2020 2022 2022 2022 2022 2022 2021 2020 2022 2021 2025 2025 2021 2022 2022 Nevertheless, evidence regarding vinegar's influence on glycemic control, lipid profiles, anthropometric indicators, and blood pressure is inconsistent (Fakhri et al. ; Keshani et al. ; Sohouli et al. ).
evidence level2
citationShahmohammadi Forough (2026)
sourceVinegar Consumption and Health: An Umbrella Review of Meta‐Analyses of Randomized Controlled Trials
topicApple Cider Vinegar Cholesterol Meta-Analysis
claimSeveral meta‐analyses have reported significant improvements in FBG (Arjmandfard et al. ; Siddiqui et al. ), however, one meta‐analysis found no significant impact on healthy, overweight, or obese patients and metabolic conditions (Valdes et al. ).
evidence level2
citationShahmohammadi Forough (2026)
sourceVinegar Consumption and Health: An Umbrella Review of Meta‐Analyses of Randomized Controlled Trials
topicApple Cider Vinegar Cholesterol Meta-Analysis
claimNevertheless, conflicting evidence suggests that there are no significant differences in HbA1C (Sohouli et al. ; Valdes et al. ), TG (Cheng et al. ; Sohouli et al. ), LDL (Hadi et al. ; Keshani et al. ), BMI (Keshani et al. ; Valdes et al. ), SBP (Fakhri et al. ), and DBP (Fakhri et al. ).
evidence level2
citationShahmohammadi Forough (2026)
sourceVinegar Consumption and Health: An Umbrella Review of Meta‐Analyses of Randomized Controlled Trials
topicApple Cider Vinegar Cholesterol Meta-Analysis
claimAAB ACV AMPK AMSTAR BMI CI DBP FBG FPI GLP‐1 GLUT4 GRADE HbA1c HDL HOMA‐IR LDL MD PEPCK PPG PPI PRIOR PROSPERO PYY RAAS RCT RoB SBP SRMA T2DM TC TG WC 2016 2016 2008 2009 2014 2013 Vinegar is a naturally occurring food, primarily composed of acetic acid and bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, melanoidins, and organic acids (Chen et al. ; Samad et al. ).
evidence level2
citationShahmohammadi Forough (2026)
sourceVinegar Consumption and Health: An Umbrella Review of Meta‐Analyses of Randomized Controlled Trials
topicApple Cider Vinegar Cholesterol Meta-Analysis
claimBackground Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of mortality globally, driven largely by modifiable risk factors, such as hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, and oxidative stress.
evidence level4
citationIjaz R (2025)
sourceRole of vinegar in cardiovascular health: A narrative review.
topicApple Cider Vinegar Cholesterol Meta-Analysis
claimConclusion This review underscores the potential of vinegar as a functional food with cardioprotective properties and advocates for further rigorous research to establish standardized dosing, isolate active constituents, and assess long-term outcomes in human populations.
evidence level4
citationIjaz R (2025)
sourceRole of vinegar in cardiovascular health: A narrative review.
topicApple Cider Vinegar Cholesterol Meta-Analysis
claimAs conventional pharmaceutical interventions often carry adverse effects and economic burdens, there is growing interest in alternative therapies.
evidence level4
citationIjaz R (2025)
sourceRole of vinegar in cardiovascular health: A narrative review.

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Source documents

  1. Vinegar Consumption and Health: An Umbrella Review of Meta‐Analyses of Randomized Controlled Trials
  2. Role of vinegar in cardiovascular health: A narrative review.