Quick Answer
Calcium Vitamin D Bone Density Meta-Analysis has evidence relevant to strength of evidence and what the studies can or cannot prove, but conclusions should stay close to the cited sources. One representative finding is: participants, we also found that vitamin D supplementation did not reduce incidence of fractures over a median of 5.3 yr of follow-up.Because approximately 60% of older U.S.
Key Takeaways
- 01participants, we also found that vitamin D supplementation did not reduce incidence of fractures over a median of 5.3 yr of follow-up.Because approximately 60% of older U.S. [Chou Sharon H (2026)]
- 02Phylloquinone, the main form of vitamin K found in green vegetables and plant oils in Western diets, can be measured in the serum. [Chou Sharon H (2026)]
- 03In the VITAL bone health sub-cohort of 771 participants (687 participants with follow-up data), we hypothesized that low baseline vitamin K status, alone or in combination with low baseline vitamin D status, would be associated with increased bone loss and deterioration of bone structure and architecture over 2 yr. [Chou Sharon H (2026)]
- 04Vitamin K may play a necessary role in the effects of vitamin D on bone metabolism. [Chou Sharon H (2026)]
The current Migaku evidence database contains 2 reusable source documents for Calcium Vitamin D Bone Density Meta-Analysis. This answer focuses on strength of evidence and what the studies can or cannot prove.
- participants, we also found that vitamin D supplementation did not reduce incidence of fractures over a median of 5.3 yr of follow-up.Because approximately 60% of older U.S. [Chou Sharon H (2026); evidence level 4]
- Phylloquinone, the main form of vitamin K found in green vegetables and plant oils in Western diets, can be measured in the serum. [Chou Sharon H (2026); evidence level 4]
- In the VITAL bone health sub-cohort of 771 participants (687 participants with follow-up data), we hypothesized that low baseline vitamin K status, alone or in combination with low baseline vitamin D status, would be associated with increased bone loss and deterioration of bone structure and architecture over 2 yr. [Chou Sharon H (2026); evidence level 4]
- Vitamin K may play a necessary role in the effects of vitamin D on bone metabolism. [Chou Sharon H (2026); evidence level 4]
- Osteoporosis is a progressive skeletal disorder characterized by decreased bone strength and an increased risk of fractures. [Pascual-Pastor M (2026); evidence level 4]
Evidence levels are sorting aids, not final clinical grades. Level 1 usually indicates systematic-review style evidence, level 2 indicates randomized trials or public-health guidance, and lower levels need more cautious wording.
This page is educational. People with medical conditions, pregnancy, medication use, or unusual symptoms should ask a qualified clinician before changing supplements, medication, or treatment routines.
Sources